IB HOTA

Wars of Empire

1700-1763

Internations Wars occured in

1689 - 1697

International War

War of the League of Ausburg, War of the Grand Alliance, Nine Year’s War and King William’s War 

Treaty of Ryswick 

No changes in American terriroties; less than 650 American causalties 

Hannah Dustan

Killed 10 natives after she was kidnapped; first woman to have a statue built in her honor because she exemplified what the colonists were going through

When did the International War 2 occur?

1702 - 1713

Names for International War 

War of the Spanish Succession, Queen Anne’s

Peace of Utrecht

England gets parts of Canda, Gibraltar, 20 year Asiento

Who started the colony of Georgia?

James Oglethorpe, 1732

War of Jenkins’ Ear [1739-1742]

Anglo-Spanish naval forces fighting in Caribbean

King George’s War [1744 - 1748]

England & France fight over colonial border

What happened during the King George’s War o 1744-1748?

English captures Louisbourg (Canada) but must return it due to the Aix-la-Chapelle

French & Indian War of 1754 to 1763

Big war that some even saw it as a world war 

Fort Duquesne 

Built by the French in 1754

Peace of paris of 1763

The British gained all of French CANADA and east of the MISSISSIPPI river

Spain gained NEW ORLEANS and west of Mississippi from France

Order of Council of 1763

Crack down on smuggling

Created the vice-admiralty Courts

Placed British ships in American waters during peacetime to catch smuggler

Proclamation of 1763

Prevented white settlement west of the Appalachians 

Increased the number of British troops in the American colonies 

Revenue Act of 1764

Prevent the smuggling of sugar/molasses out of the Spanish and Dutch islands

The merchant’s ship’s cargo is now subjected to seizure and confiscation by British custom commissioner

Currency Act of 1764

NO MORE colonial paper money, only hard coins to pay tax & debt

Colonies were going through post war depression which meant money was scarce [done to prevent British merchants from being paid in a depreciated colonial currency]

Quartering Act of 1765

Required the colonies to provide barracks and supplies to British troops

Stamp Act of 1765

All papers had to have a stamp [to get a stamp-pay tax]

People in England had already been paying stamp taxes

How did the colonists respond to the Stamp act?

Protesting, refusing to use the stamps, riots, stamp-burning and harassing tax collectors and stamp distributors

What did James Otis Jr. do?

Argued against Writs of Assistance 

Turned the public against “Royalist Faction” 

Writs of assistance

Allowed for the colonists to be searched, and was not specific, so privacy was breached 

Samuel Adams

Assumed leadership of the Stamp Act resistance

Formed Sons of Liberty with the Loyal Nine

Stamp Act Congress - October 1765

First show of unified resistance & Economic boycott 

What is special about November 1

Only Georgia implemented the tax; all other tax collectors had resigned

Declaratory Act of 1766

Year after the Stamp Act is repealed; declared that the British Parliament had the same authority over the American colonies as it did over Britain 

Samuel Adams

Massachusetts Circular Letter [1768]

Liberty riots [1768]

A violent riot that showed colonial resistance in response to Hancock’s ship being stolen; more British troops sent 

What years did many small conflicts occur in

1768 - 1770

What happened on March 2nd 

The brawl at Gray’s Ropewalk 

What happened on March 5, 1770?

Boston massacre which happened like snow - ice - shot fired - misled soliders all fire

Why did Parliament back down?

170; New government under Lord Frederick

When was the quiet period occur?

1770 - 1773 

Whig Ideology

Radical political group in England that opposed the king and warned people that their liberties would be stripped away because the government abuses its powers.

Gaspee incident of June 9, 1772 RI

Duddington enforced strict trade laws so the colonists lured around and burned the ship; Significant step towards the revolution because it led to the formation of committees of correspondence

When did the Tea Act get passed?

April 1773

What did the Sons of Liberty do in November to protest the Tea Act?

They refused to let tea ships unload by guarding the ports since taxes were enforced after the tea is unloaded in the colnies

Boston Tea Party

December 16, 1773

Crisper Attucks

First victim of the Boston Massacre

Townshend Acts

4 Laws on important taxes and levels of Control

Circular letter of 1768

Letters that circulate so colonists can share arguments and written by MA legislature

Coesive Acts a.k.a Intolerable Acts

4 laws passed in response to Boston Tea Party

Boston Port Act

Boston harbour is shut down until colonists pay for the tea they dumped

M.A Government Act

Shut down assemblies and self government which meant MA was under British government control

Administrative of Justice Act

Royal British officials can get their cases heard back in Britain since colonists were biased

Quartering Act of 1774

Stricter version of quartering that violated the colonists’s right to privacy