Development and Plasticity of the Brain

These flashcards focus on key terms and definitions related to the development and plasticity of the brain, crucial for understanding the material covered in the lecture.

Proliferation

The process of producing new cells or neurons in the brain during development.

Myelination

The process by which glia produce a fatty sheath that covers the axons of some neurons, speeding up neural transmission.

Synaptogenesis

The formation of synapses between neurons, which occurs throughout life as neurons create and discard connections.

Neurotropin

A chemical that promotes the survival and activity of neurons, such as nerve growth factor (NGF).

Apoptosis

A preprogrammed mechanism of cell death that occurs when axons are not exposed to neurotropins after making connections.

Denervation Supersensitivity

The increased sensitivity of postsynaptic cells to neurotransmitters following the destruction of an incoming axon.

Phantom Limb

The sensation of pain or other feelings in an amputated part of the body due to the reorganization of the cortex.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A condition caused by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, leading to developmental issues in children.

Diaschisis

The decreased activity of surviving neurons after damage to other neurons in the brain.

Edema

The accumulation of fluid in the brain that increases pressure and can precipitate further strokes.

Excitotoxicity

The process by which excessive stimulation of neurons, often due to glutamate release, leads to neuronal death.

Collateral Sprouts

New branches formed by non-damaged axons that attach to vacant receptors following injury.

Diaschisis

The decreased activity of surviving neurons after damage to other neurons in the brain.