Studied by 1 personWhich subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and Neutrons
Which subatomic particle orbits outside of the nucleus
Electrons
Where is all mass of an atom located?
The nucleus
Which subatomic particle is 2000 times smaller?
Electrons
In order for an atom to be neutral, the amount of which two subatomic particles must be equal?
Protons and electrons
Are all atoms of a given element identical?
No, they are not the same
Isotope
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
What determines the chemical properties of an element?
Atomic #
The Atomic # is the same as which subatomic particle?
Protons
Atoms for charges by gaining or losing?
By losing electrons
Ions
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of electrons
An atom that has lost a single electron has a charge of?
+1
An atom that has lost a single electron has a charge of?
-1
Positive ions
Cations (lose electrons)
Negative ions
Anions (gain electrons)
Democritus
Greek philosopher that said all matter is made of tiny particles called "atomos" or atoms
John Dalton
The First Atomic Theory; He was wrong about atoms being indestructible and indivisible; Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms; A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms
JJ Thomson
Discovered the electron, Plum Pudding Model (Cathode Ray Tube Experiment)
Ernest Rutherford
1909-solar system model of the atom, gold foil experiment- fired negative ions at a thin sheet of gold foil, discovered that most of the atom's mass was in the dense positive nucleus with negative electrons traveling around it and that most of the atom was empty space
Millikan's Oil Drop Experiment
Discovered the charge to mass ratio of the electron using the Oil Drop Experiment
Niels Bohr
Proposed orbit of the nucleus in fixed energy levels like planets orbiting the sun; The Planetary Model
Chadwick
Discovered the nuclear fission; significant for the fission of uranium 235; neutrons are not repelled by the positive charges in the nucleus; can penetrate and split the nuclei of even the heaviest elements
De Broglie
Suggested that electrons travel in waves; Quantum Model of the Atom; Electron Orbitals; Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principal
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
It is impossible to know both the speed and location of an electron at the same time
Quantum Model of the Atom
Electrons orbit the nucleus in probability clouds or orbitals (s, p, d, and f blocks on the peridodic table)
Electron Orbitals
A region of probability where electrons will be found most of the time
Physical Property
A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance (Observed with 5 senses; atomic structure remains unchanged)
Chemical Property
A characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances (Ability to change into a new substance; atomic bonds will be broken and rearranged)
Blue color
Physical property
Density
Physical property
Flammability
Physical Property
Solubility (dissolves)
Chemical property
Supports combustion
Chemical property
Sour taste
Chemical property
Melting Point
Physical Property
Reacts with water
Chemical property
Hardness
Physical property
Boiling Point
Physical property
Luster (shine)
Physical property
Odor
Physical property
Reacts with Air
Chemical Property
Physical Change
A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance (A change in the size, shape, or state; no new substance is formed; atomic structure remains unchanged)
Chemical Change
A change in matter that produces one or more new substances (Results in new physical and chemical properties; a new substance is formed; atomic structure is rearranged; new bonds form)
NaCl (Table salt) dissolves in water
Physical change
Ag (Silver) tarnishes
Chemical change
An apple is cut
Physical change
Heat changes H2O to steam
Physical change
Baking soda reacts to vinegar
Chemical change
Fe (Iron) rusts
Chemical change
Alcohol evaporates
Physical change
Ice melts
Physical change
Milk sours
Chemical change
Sugar dissolves in water
Physical change
Wood rots
Chemical change
Pancakes cook
Chemical change
Grass grows
Chemical change
A tire is inflated
Physical change
Food is digested
Chemical change
Paper towel absorbs water
Physical change
An ice cube is placed in the sun. Later there is a puddle of water. Later still the puddle is gone.
Physical change
Two chemicals are mixed together and a gas is produced.
Chemical change
A bicycle changes color as it rusts
Chemical change
A solid is crushed to a powder
Physical change
Two substances are mixed, and light is produced
Chemical change
A piece of ice melts and reacts with sodium
Chemical change
Mixing salt and pepper
Physical change
Chocolate syrup is dissolved in milk
Physical change
A marshmallow is toasted over a campfire
Chemical change
A marshmallow is cut in half
Physical change
Homogenous
of the same kind
Heterogeneous
composed of different kinds, diverse
Pure substance
A sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties
Platinum
Pure substance
Dr. Pepper
Homogeneous mixture
Beer
Homogeneous mixture
Trail mix
Heterogeneous mixture
Oatmeal Raisin Cookie
Heterogeneous mixture
Brass
Homogeneous mixture
Air
Homogeneous mixture
Oxygen
Pure substance
Sodium Chloride
Homogeneous mixture
Potting Soil
Heterogeneous mixture
Element
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
Compound
A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
Carbon dioxide
Compound
Mercury
Element
H2
Element
H2O
Compound
S8
Element
Hydrogen peroxide
Compound
Ca
Element
Iron
Element
Iron Oxide
Compound
CCl4
Compound
A mixture of sand and salt water could be separated by
Filtration
The components of gasoline could be separated by
distillation
The components of green tea could be separated by their color using
Chromatography
Intensive
marked by special effort; dedicated; single-minded; highly concentrated
Extensive
Large in space or amount
Density is extensive or intensive?
Extensive
Note 
Flashcard (90)