Intracellular Signaling Dynamics Flashcards

Flashcards covering intracellular signaling dynamics, receptor types, ligands, and second messengers.

Intracellular Receptors

Inside cell; binds to small, nonpolar molecules, controlling genes.

Hydrophobic Ligands

Small, nonpolar molecules that freely enter cells to bind receptors.

Hydrophilic Ligands

Molecules needing surface receptors to signal inside cells.

Ion Channel-Linked Receptors

Surface receptors that open to allow ions through when a ligand binds.

G Protein-Linked Receptors (G Protein Coupled Receptors)

Receptors with subunits; ligand binding activates alpha, starting cell response.

Kinases

Add phosphate to activate proteins.

Phosphatases

Remove phosphate to deactivate proteins.

Adenylyl Cyclase

Converts ATP to cAMP (second messenger).

Cyclic AMP (cAMP)

Second messenger; amplifies signals, affects heart rate, and breaks down glycogen.

Tyrosine Kinase Receptors

Surface receptors that phosphorylate tyrosine to signal inside.

Second Messengers

Amplify cell signals; includes cAMP, PIP2, IP3, DAG, and Ca^{2+}.

Compare Intracellular and Cell Surface Receptors

What are the differences between intracellular and cell surface receptors?

Compare Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Ligands

What are the differences between hydrophobic and