Urinalysis MLT 1112 unit 5

anaerobic bacteria

anaerobic bacteria

bacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen.

bacteriuria

the existence of bacteria in urine

bladder

a muscular pouch that stores urine until it is expelled.

Bowman's capsule

a capsule that surrounds the glomerulus.

calculi

plural form of calculus- stones; solidified masses usually formed from mineral salts.

calculus

also known as a stone -solidified mass usually formed from mineral salts.

capillary

the tiniest blood vessel.

casts

elements formed in the renal tubules consisting of Tamm-Horsfall protein.

chromagen

a chemical used to produce a colored end product in a chemical reaction.

conjugated bilirubin

This form of bilirubin can be found in the urine because it is water soluble.

cortical nephrons

nephrons located within the renal cortex.

crystals

elements formed from the solutes in the urine.

cystitis

inflammation associated with the bladder.

dehydration

reduction of fluid in the body.

diabetes mellitus

a medical condition that results in high plasma glucose levels due to decreased or dysfunctional insulin.

dysuria

pain associated with urination.

electrolytes

chemicals in the body that carry an electric charge.

enzyme

a biological catalyst used to accelerate a chemical reaction.

glomerulonephritis

inflammation and damage associated with the glomerulus.

glomerulus

convoluted capillary network within the nephron (also known as the renal corpuscle).

hematuria

the presence of erythrocytes in the urine.

hemoglobinuria

Free hemoglobin in the urine.

hypersthenuric

Urine specific gravity results greater than 1.010.

hyposthenuric

Urine specific gravity results less than 1.010.

intravenous pyelogram

an imaging procedure used to view the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

ionic

constituents with a charge.

isosthenuric

Urine specific gravity results of 1.010 on multiple specimens from the same patient.

jaundice

The yellowing of eyes, skin, and tissues due to increased levels of bilirubin.

juxtamedullary nephrons

nephrons within the renal medulla.

kidneys

organs responsible for urine formation and concentration.

metabolite

the product left after a medication has been broken down in the body.

myoglobin

protein associated with muscle tissue.

myoglobinuria

the existence of myoglobin in the urine.

necrosis

death of tissue and cells.

oliguria

decreased voiding of urine.

nephrons

functional units of the kidney.

nocturia

increased voiding of urine at night.

polydipsia

extreme thirst.

polyuria

increased voiding of urine.

proteinuria

protein detected in the urine.

pyelonephritis

Inflammation or infection of the nephrons.

pyuria

the presence of leukocytes in the urine.

reagent

the substance or chemical in the test that reacts with the item of interest to be detected.

reference interval

the range of laboratory test values expected for healthy individuals.

renal

associated with the kidney.

renal corpuscle

convoluted capillary network within the nephron (also known as the glomerulus).

solutes

dissolved substances.

standard precautions

The minimum infection prevention measures that apply to all patients or patient specimens, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status of the patient.

Tamm-Horsfall protein

protein produced by the renal tubules (uromodulin).

ureter

a muscular tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.

urea

a by-product formed as a result of the breakdown of protein.

urethra

a tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of body.

urobilin

the pigment that gives feces the characteristic brown color formed from the oxidation of urobilinogen.

urochrome

the pigment in urine responsible for its typical yellow appearance.

uromodulin

protein produced by the renal tubules (also known as Tamm Horsfall protein).