Developmental Psychology 1

Reliability

Independent observations of a given behavior are consistent

Validity

Measure assesses what it is intended to measure

Replication

Combined validity and reliability, degree to which findings can be produced over time

Methods of collecting data

Interviews, naturalistic observation, structured observation

Turtle Shell intervention

Intervene to help anger

When is a child’s testimony accurate?

When interviewer doesn’t ask leading questions

External validity

Generalize

Internal validity

Can be attributed to manipulated variables

Interrater validity

Raters rate the same way

Test retest

Kids who high score once also score high at other times

Methylination

Biochemical process influences gene expression through stress

Parents who were more stressed, their kids showed methelyination 15 yrs later. Presence of gluccocorticoid.

Order of fetus etc.

Zygote (1 week)

Embryo (2-3 weeks)

Fetus (5-6 weeks)

First trimester

Zygote (2 week)

Embryo (2-8 weeks): 3 layers, muscles, neurons

4 weeks - primitive heart, neural tube, buds

42 days neurogenisis

5-9 - face, brain, organs, sexual differentiation

10-12 - brain divisions, more heart

2nd Trimester

13-24 weeks

Lower body growth (cephalocentrism or whatever)

Genetalia

Facial expressions, movement

3rd Trimester

25-38

28 can survive on its own

Audio visual, behaviors, learning

Baby stuff

Sleep 2x - 16hrs

50% REM

Cry 2 hrs

Neurogenisis

6 weeks, arborization

Myelinization first couple months post birth

Synaptogenisis

Motor and sensory

Prarietal and temporal

Prefrontal

Heritability

Phenotype trait within a population in a specific environment

Glial cells

Guide neurons to final destination, regeneration, formation of myelin

PKU

Chromosome 12

Recessive

Amino acide phenylalnine

Embryo

2 weeks

Top layer = skin, nervous system

Middle = muscles, bones, organs,

Bottom = Digestive, lungs, urinary

4 weeks

Neural tube (need that folic acid)

Best sleep training

Gradual extinction

you can sooth a crying baby however

Piagetian theory (overview)

Child as scientist

Ideas: continuity, active child

Change mechanisms: Assimilation, accommodation, equilibriation

Info processing (overview)

Child as problem solver

Ideas: How change occurs

Change mechanisms: Basic processes, strategies, content knowledge

Core knowledge (overview)

Child as product of evolution

Ideas: Continuity

Change mechanisms: Innate knowledge, theories

Sociocultural theories (overview)

Child as apprentice

Ideas: sociological context, how change occurs

Change mechanisms: Intersubjectivity, guided participation, joint attention

Dynamic systems theory (overview)

Child as self organizing system

Ideas: Active child

Change mechanisms: Internal motivations to learn, actions on environment

Sensorimotor

0-2

Schemes thru sensorimotor action patterns

Circular reactions

Reflex→ repeating→ try on a new object→new way of interaction with other objects

Object permanance

4-7 months (6 months) (sensorimotor)

Evidence for mental representation

Starts in sensorimotor

Deferred imitation, turn on with forehead later

Make believe play

Preoperational stage

2-7 thought but no logic

Sociodramatic play

Semiotic function (words stand in for objects) which leads to language

Dual representation, this is a block and a truck (more around three than 2)

Intersubjectivity

Shared understanding between people during communication

Word segmentation

Second half of first year