chapter 10 & 11 study guide

These flashcards cover key vitamins and their roles, deficiencies, and related oral health issues.

Thiamin (Vitamin B1)

Essential for energy metabolism and nerve, muscle, heart function.

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

Involved in energy production and maintaining mucous membranes.

Niacin (Vitamin B3)

Necessary for ATP production and lipid & protein metabolism; deficiency causes Pellagra.

Pellagra

Condition caused by Vitamin B3 deficiency characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death.

Vitamin B6

Critical for protein metabolism and hemoglobin synthesis; deficiency can lead to anemia.

Folate (Vitamin B9)

Essential for DNA/RNA synthesis and red blood cell formation; deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia.

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Necessary for nerve function, myelin synthesis, and red blood cell formation; deficiency can cause pernicious anemia.

Biotin (Vitamin B7)

Involved in macronutrient metabolism and gene regulation; deficiency can be caused by raw egg whites.

Vitamin C

Important for collagen synthesis and immune defense; deficiency causes gingivitis and poor wound healing.

Vitamin A

Supports epithelial integrity and salivary gland function; deficiency leads to xerostomia.

Microminerals

Essential elements for growth and development, including copper, selenium, and chromium.

Copper

Functions as a cofactor in oxidative reactions, energy production, and iron metabolism.

Selenium

Acts as a cofactor for enzymes and an antioxidant; involved in cardiovascular and thyroid functions.

Chromium

Enhances the action of insulin, playing a role in glucose and lipid metabolism.

Manganese

Acts as a cofactor in various enzyme systems and supports bone development.

Molybdenum

Cofactor for enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism.

Ultratrace Minerals

Elements influencing dental caries, including boron, nickel, silicon, and aluminum.

Xerostomia

Dry mouth condition commonly associated with Vitamin A deficiency.

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Condition caused by Thiamin (Vitamin B1) deficiency affecting the brain.

Magenta tongue

Oral sign characteristic of Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) deficiency.

Beefy red tongue

Oral sign characteristic of Vitamin B12 deficiency.

Glossitis

Inflammation of the tongue often seen with various vitamin deficiencies.