Chapter 4 Biology

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Population density

number of organisms in a given area

Dispersion

how organisms are arranged in an environment

Density dependent factor

Biotic factor that limits a population more as population density increases

Density independent factor

Abiotic limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size

Population growth rate

explains how fast a given population grows

Emigration

the number of individuals moving away

Immigration

the number of individuals moving into a population

Carrying capacity

Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support

Demography

the study of human population size, density, distribution, movement, and birth and death rates

Demographic transition

change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates

zero population growth

when the birth rate equals the death rate

Age structure

number of males and females of each age in a population

Uniform dispersion

Black bears are an example of

Clumped dispersion

Bison are an example of

Random dispersion

Deer are an example of

Population Range

Where organisms can live

Spacial Distribution

dispersion of organisms

Examples of Density dependent factors

disease, competition, parasites

Examples of Density independent factors

Weather, drought, earthquakes

Exponential growth

J shaped curve

Logistic growth

s shaped curve

Logistic growth

K strategy

Exponential growth

R strategy

Population growth rate

(Birth rate + Immigration)

Pre reproductive

0

Reproductive

20

Post reproductive

45+

Rapid growth rate

Kenya

Negative growth rate

Germany

Slow growth rate

USA