Research (MIDTERM)

Introduction

Methodology

Results

Discussion

IMRAD stands for:

Introduction

where the research gaps, problems, questions, and RRLS are found

Methodology

where the research design, locale, materials, equipment, schematic diagram or flow chart is located

Quantitative Research

data - numbers

instrument - questionnaire & observation

Qualitative Research

data - words

instrument - in depth interview

Results

involves the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data

Discussion

shows the significance (summary), conclusions, and recommendations

Variables

the basic elements which are measured in a study

observable, measurable

variables must be ____ and ____

Independent Variable

the “**assumed cause**” for any change or variation in a situation

Dependent Variable

the “**assumed effect**” of another variable; the **change** that occurs in the study when factors are changed or an intervention is introduced (**the output**)

IV: Pineapple Peels

DV: Bioplastics

Identify the IV and DV:

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The Making of Efficient and Effective Bioplastics out of Pineapple (*Ananas comosus*) Peels

IV: Lemon and Avocado Peelings

DV: Superabsorbent Polymers

Identify the IV and DV:

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The Use of Lemon (*Citrus Limon*) and Avocado (*Persea Americana*) Peelings as Superabsorbent Polymers

information, contents

the title should give readers the ______ about the ______ of the research

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\[GUIDELINES IN MAKING A QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH TITLE\]

phrase

the title should be in _____ form rather in complete sentence

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\[GUIDELINES IN MAKING A QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH TITLE\]

15

the title should not be longer than ___ substantive words

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\[GUIDELINES IN MAKING A QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH TITLE\]

independent variable, dependent variable

the title should show the ______ and ______ of the investigatory project

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\[GUIDELINES IN MAKING A QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH TITLE\]

included, italicized, parenthesized

scientific names of plants should be _____ in the title, _____ and _____

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\[GUIDELINES IN MAKING A QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH TITLE\]

not

the title should ___ include “the study of…” “the analysis of…” “the observation on…”

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\[GUIDELINES IN MAKING A QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH TITLE\]

acronym

the title should not contain any abbreviation or _____

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\[GUIDELINES IN MAKING A QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH TITLE\]

inverted pyramid

the title should be written in ________ form on the title page if it contains more than one line

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\[GUIDELINES IN MAKING A QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH TITLE\]

innovative, original

the title is _____ and _____, which means there is no similar work of such on the internet

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\[GUIDELINES IN PROPOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC\]

manageable

the topic is ______ and can be done by grade 11-12 students

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\[GUIDELINES IN PROPOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC\]

easy

the topic must not be too ____ to make that can be done by the lower levels

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\[GUIDELINES IN PROPOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC\]

available

the materials, tools, and equipment are _____ in Qatar

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\[GUIDELINES IN PROPOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC\]

bought, scrap

the materials, tools, and equipment will not be _____; they are mostly from ____ materials

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\[GUIDELINES IN PROPOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC\]

independent, feasible

the ______ variable is ______ to use as a component in making the dependent variable (justified by references)

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\[GUIDELINES IN PROPOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC\]

timely, relevant

the topic is ____ and ____ to the society

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\[GUIDELINES IN PROPOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC\]

tested, applied

the research process won’t be _____ or _____ on humans and animals

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\[GUIDELINES IN PROPOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC\]

harm

the research process does not ____ the environment

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\[GUIDELINES IN PROPOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC\]

ethical principles

the research process should follow the _____ _____ of research

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\[GUIDELINES IN PROPOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC\]

Research Problem

for researchers, these problems may be __**conditions**__ they want to improve, __**difficulties**__ they want to eliminate, __**questions**__ they want answers, __**information gaps**__ they wish to fill, or __**theories**__ they wish to validate.

Research Question

these problems and questions that a **researcher attempts to answer**. it clears the purpose for doing the research paper; without this the investigation **cannot proceed**

Research Question

it shows the **main problem** and the **sub-problems** to be solved in the research process

Main Problem

it is the **general statement** of the problem that shows the **objective** of the research paper

Declarative

the main problem is stated in _______ form

Sub-Problems

also called “**investigative questions**”; these are **measurable variables** related in answering the main problem

Interrogative

the sub-problem is stated in ________ form

Specific

Measurable

Attainable

Relevant

Timebound

research questions must be SMART

Specific

research questions must be written in a **precise** way that it can be interpreted in the same way. it must be clear and has **one meaning** (__**unequivocal**__)

Measurable

research questions should include ____ **variables** and should be answerable in **quantifiable terms**; the instruments and tools for collecting data must be considered

Attainable

research questions should be **achievable** and **realistic** to answer; consider the financial aspect, time frame, and capabilities

Relevant

research questions must be ____ to the objective of the study and significant to the present time and situation

Timebound

research questions should be completed and answered within **reasonable time**

Hypothesis

an **educated guess** that is formulated to explain the observed facts covered by a study. it is a **prediction** about what will happen in the research

Hypothesis

a **testable declarative statement** of a potential relationship between two or more variables

Hypothesis

it is an **inferential thinking** that makes the researchers assume something based on logically drawn conclusions

Null Hypothesis

* symbolized by **H0**
* it is the **denial** of an existence or the absence of a relationship between the variables in the study

Alternative Hypothesis

* symbolized by H1
* an **affirmative** declarative statement of the educated guess
* shows the **significant difference** in relationship between the variables

Experimental Research Design

it is inquiring as to what the **cause-and-effect relationships** between the dependent and independent variables (Tanner, 2018)

Research Locale

it shows the **place or setting** of the study or the place where the research experiment is conducted

Materials and Equipment

the part that displays the detailed research materials and equipment to be used in the research

Materials

**substances** and **elements** the output is made or composed of

Equipment

the **apparatus** needed in making the research output (tools and machinery)

Research Procedure

explains the s**tep-by-step process** on how to do and accomplish the research output. starts with the **safety precautions**

Schematic Diagram

shows the visual representation of the proposed product, usually for __**devices**__

Flow Chart

shows the visual representation of the proposed product, usually for __**solutions**__ (ex: disinfectant, alternative soil)

Descriptive Research Design

it is used to **describe a population** or phenomenon and its characteristics; it is more concerned with what, rather than how or why

phenomenon, respondents

a descriptive research title must include a ______ and ______

information, contents

phrase

15

not

abbreviations

inverted pyramid

GUIDELINES IN MAKING A QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH TITLE

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1. the title should give readers the ____ about the ____ of the research.
2. the title should be in ____ form rather in complete sentence.
3. the title should not be longer than ____ substantive words.
4. the title should ____ include “The Study of…” “The Analysis of…” “The Observation on…”
5. the title should not contain any ____ or acronym.
6. the title should be written in ____ if it contains more than one line on the title page.