Physical Science Unit 7

Dalton

Positive spheres

Thomson

Cathode ray tube experiment, chocolate chip cookie, discovered electron

Rutherford

Gold foil experiment, shot alpha particles, proved that atoms are mostly empty space with positive center

Bohr

Bohr model

Alpha particles

Positive particles

Proton

Positive charge, in nucleus

Cathode Ray Tube

Light ray moved towards the positive proving elections because opposites attract

Neutron

Neutral charge, in nucleus

Electron

Negative charge, outside nucleus

Calculating Protons

Atomic number

Calculating Neutrons

Mass number - atomic number

Calculating Electrons

Atomic number, unless different charge

Change Protons?

Change element

Change Neutrons?

Change mass (isotope)

Change Electron?

Change charge (ion)

Ion

An atom that has a charge with non-equal protons and electrons which changed the charge

Anion

A negative ion with gained electrons and more electrons than protons

Cation

A positive ion with lost electrons and more protons than electrons

Isotope

Same element with a different number of neutrons which changes the mass

Average Atomic Mass

The average mass of all known isotopes of a given element

Mass Number

The mass of a specific isotope and atom

Calculating Mass

Protons + neutrons

How do we calculate the number of rings in a Bohr model?

Period of the element

Group

Vertical

Period

Horizontal

Natural Abundance

How often something occurs on Earth

% Natural Abundance

(mass x % as decimal)

Relative Atomic Mass Unit

Amu

Valence Electron

Number of electrons in the outermost shell of an element

Metals Location

Left of staircase

Non-metals Location

Right of staircase

Metalloid

On staircase

Same group have in common?

Same number of valence electrons

Same period have in common?

Same number of rings

Order of atomic timeline

Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr