220- CHAPTER 16: VERTEBRAL COLUMN

33

segments of vertebrae

5

sections of vertebrae

7

number of cervical vertebrae

C1

an atypical vertebrae 

8

number of cervical nerves

cervical nerves

named for the vertebrae ABOVE

12

number of thoracic vertebrae 

5

number of lumbar vertebrae

5

number of sacral vertebrae

sacrum

5 bones fused together

4

number of coccygeal segments

kyphotic curve

convexity towards posterior side

primary curve

All babies are born the spine as this with one kyphotic curve called the

secondary curve

babies develop this lordosis in their cervical and lumbar after they begin holding their heads up and walking

wolf’s law

bones will adapt to the stress put upon it

lamina

connects transverse process and spinous process

intervertebral disk

between the bodies of the vertebra

skull and C1, C1 and C2

where intervertebral disks are NOT found

C2

 intervertebral disks start after what vertebrae?

pedicle

connects transverse process to body

foramen

holes in vertebrae for nerves or blood vessels

spine

built for stability and mobility

cervical, lumbar spine

most amount of motion in these parts of vertebrae 

thoracic vertebrae

least mobile part of vertebrae that protects internal organs

3

number joints btw vertebrae

2

number of facet joints btw vertebrae

facet joints

btw the processes of the vertebrae

facet joints

also called zygapophyseal joints

intervetebral disk (joint)

btw the vetrebral bodies

facet joints

forms the foramen in vertebrae

24

number of facet joint pairs

facet joints

located posteriorly, and project from the neural arch of
the vertebrae

intervetebral disk

fibrous disk with an anulous fibrosis and nucleus pulposes

anulous fibrosis

hard shell, tough outer ring of intervertebral disk

nucleus pulposes

gel- like center of the intervertebral disk

herniated disk

A “sliped disk;” when the annulus fibrosis thins out and 

nucleus pulposes poke out, putting pressure on sciatic nerve

facet joints

posterior and inferior joints btw the processes of vertebrae

neutral

used as opposed to saying keeping back “Straight";” normal lordosis and kyphosis of spine

curvature of spine

prevents injury to spine by evening out pressure

flexion

bend forward

extension

bend backward

lateral bending

bend to the side

rotation

literally just rotation. it is what it is. 

intervertebral disks

lie between the adjacent superior andinferior surfaces of the vertebral bodies from C2 to S1

perception

pain is this: could be a response to something happening in the body but not always

pain

no correlation btw this and what the back looks like in an MRI (two people could have the same condition but only one person might perceive this)

physical therapy

proven to have a positive impact on spinal dysfunction bcz of movement

movement

the biggest thing that helps with back pain

flexion, extension bias

when bending your back a certain way/ letting it stretch for a time feels good and promotes healing

extension

good for people whose back hurts when sitting: needs to be standing up.

flexion

when standing is painful, should do this by sitting often and laying on your back and bringing knees to chest

walking

puts optimal amount of pressure on your spine

ALL

btw vertebrae and internal organs

ALL

protects from hyperextension

PLL

btw bodies and spinal cord

PLL

protects from hyperflexion

interspinous ligament

btw two neighboring spinal processes

supraspinous ligament

run on top of the spin

ligamentum flavum 

btw 2 lamina

PLL

posterior longitudinal ligament

ALL

anterior longitudinal ligament

LF

ligamentum flavum

ISL

interspinous ligament

SSL

supraspinous ligament

SSL

only well developed in upper lumbar region

ILL

iliolumbar ligament

ILL

restricts flexion, extension, axial rotation, side bending of L5 and S1

ILL

one of three vertebropelvic ligaments

SSL

ligament with greater potential for sprains because it is farthest from axis of flexion

ISL

most likely functions to resist separation of spinous processes in flexion

LF

resists separation of the lamina during flexion

vertebrae

fundamental building block of the spine

vertebrae

weight bearing component of the spinal column

anterior pillar

intervertebral disks, vertebral bodies

anterior pillar

weight bearing, hydraulic, shock absorption

posterior pillar

articular processes, facet joints, two transverse processes, one spinous process

posterior pillar

serves as gliding mechanism and lever system for muscles