GI Physiology Exam 2 (IP3): Neuroendocrine Control of the GI Tract Lecture

Enters the bloodstream?

- endocrine

- paracrine

- neurocrine

- exocrine

endocrine

Enters the lumen of the GI tract?

-endocrine

- paracrine

- neurocrine

- exocrine

exocrine

secreted from a neuron and diffuses locally?

- endocrine

- paracrine

- neurocrine

- exocrine

neurocrine

diffuses locally?

- endocrine

- paracrine

- neurocrine

- exocrine

paracrine

what are the two kinds of enteroendocrine cells that were listed in lecture?

biogenic amines and peptides

serotonin and histamine are (peptides/biogenic amines)

biogenic amines

more than _____ hormone genes are currently known to be expressed in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals

30

GI hormones are classified into families based on their __________ ____________

chemical structures

what does "family" mean when one says GI hormone family

similar AA composition

cholecystokinin is a peptide that stimulates proenzyme release from _________ cells

acinar

what peptide stimulates NaHCO3 and water secretion from pancreatic duct epithelium via CFTR Cl-/HCO3- exchange

secretin

secretin stimulates NaHCO3 and water secretion from ________ ___________ epithelium via CFTR Cl-/HCO3- exchange

pancreatic duct

general categories of hormone agonists full agonists have (no/partial/high) affinity and (no/partial/high) efficacy

high, high

general categories of hormone agonists partial agonists have (no/partial/high) affinity and (no/partial/high) efficacy

high, partial

full antagonists have (no/partial/high) affinity and (no/partial/high) efficacy

high, no

nutrients slow gastric activity (such as secretion or emptying) when gastrin levels are (low/high) in the circulation

high

nutrients (slow/speed) gastric activity (such as secretion or emptying) when gastrin levels are high in the circulation

slow

a filling stomach (decreases/increases) gastrin levels which in turn (increases/decreases) HCl, (increases/decreases) pepsin, and (increases/decreases) motility

increases, increases, increases, increases

as food enters the small intestine, cholecystokinin levels (increase/decrease) which in turn, (increases/decreases) gastrin effects at CCKB receptor which in turn (increases/decreases) gastric emptying, (increases/decreases) HCl, and (increases/decreases) pepsin

increases, decreases, decreases, decreases, decreases

(increasing/decreasing) GLP-1 decreases gastric motility

decreasing

a response to an agonist usually depends on (first/second/third) messengers

second

what are the two main categories of intracellular messengers?

- cyclic nucleotides

- intracellular calcium mobilization

what are two examples of cyclic nucleopeptides?

cAMP, cGMP

stimulus response coupling cyclic nucleotides (cAMP, cGMP) has a duration of

A. minutes to hours

B. seconds to minutes

A

stimulus response coupling intracellular calcium mobilization

A. minutes to hours

B. seconds to minutes

B

systemic hormones are produced (inside/outside) of the GI tract

outside

T/F: epinephrine is an adrenocorticosteroid

false its just an adrenal hormone

epinephrine is an adrenal hormone with (parasympathetic/sympathetic) action via (cholinergic/adrenergic) receptors

sympathetic, adrenergic

epinephrine:

- (increases/decreases) motility

- (increases/decreases) fluid absorption

- (increases/decreases) blood flow

- decreases

- increases

- decreases

T/F: aldosterone is an adrenocorticosteroid

true

(aldosterone/glucocorticoid) increases sodium absorption in the colon and salivary duct

aldosterone

(aldosterone/glucocorticoid) increase Na/K ATPase activity

glucocorticoids

aldosterone (increases/decreases) sodium absorption in the ______ and ________ duct

colon, salivary

glucocorticoids (increase/decrease) Na/K ATPase activity

increase

glucocorticoids increase Na/K ATPase activity which (increases/decreases) prostaglandin tone and is immunosuppressive

decreases

T/F: glucocorticoids immunosuppressive

true

submucosal cells in the GI tract release (exocrine/paracrine/endocrine/neurocrine) factors

paracrine

Major source of prostaglandins in health:

A. Fibroblasts

B. Macrophages

C. PMN's and eosinophils

D. Mast cells

A

Produce prostaglandins and serotonin :

A. Fibroblasts

B. Macrophages

C. PMN's and eosinophils

D. Mast cells

B, C

Aligned with effector axons and release histamine:

A. Fibroblasts

B. Macrophages

C. PMN's and eosinophils

D. Mast cells

D

Play a role in allergic states

A. Fibroblasts

B. Macrophages

C. PMN's and eosinophils

D. Mast cells

D

mast cells are aligned with (afferent/effector) axons

effector

inflammatory diarrhea = (decreased/increased) prostaglandin release

increased

prostaglandin is a _______ compound that promotes GI _______, fluid _______, and vessel _________

lipid, motility, secretion, dilation