The Cold War Begins

Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin

Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin

Who attended the Yalta Conference in February of 1945?

Poland gov. set up by the Soviets

What did Roosevelt and Stalin agree to recognize during the Yalta Conference?

Poland was their protection because people would invade the Soviet Union through Poland

Why was it important for Poland to be allies with the Soviet?

divided into 4 zones; controlled by Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and France

What happened to Germany during the Yalta Conference? Who controlled them?

reparations

payments for damage during war

“Declaration of Liberated Europe”

What did Stalin not honor because he didn’t agree with Truman?

Europe could only recover if Germany’s economy was allowed to revive

What did Truman believe when Truman, Stalin, and the Prime Minister met again in July of 1945?

pay more reparations

What did Stalin want for Germany?

satellite nations

What were the Communist countries of Europe called?

Postdam

Where did Truman and Stalin meet in July 19

Soviet Union

Goals for _____ Post War:

• protection & security through Poland

  • countries around them to be buffer

• heavy reparations for Germany

• economic goal; spread communism (didn’t trust capitalist countries)

United States

Goals for _____ Post War:

• prevent Great Depression; believed WW2 was caused by Great Depression

• economic growth, democracy, free enterprise

Cold War

an era of confrontation and competition between U.S and S.U; 1946-1990

satellite nation

communist countries of Eastern-Europe, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia

iron curtain

separation between Eastern & Western Europe (communist nations)

confrontational attitude from Truman and Stalin did not get what he wanted

How did the Potsdam Conference help bring about the Cold War?

atomic bomb

What did Truman hint at during the Potsdam Conference?

Soviets are becoming more powerful and influential

What was the main idea for the Iron Curtain speech?

America to do something

What was the purpose of the Iron Curtain Speech?

George F. Kennan

• believes that Russia’s lack of involvement and support in capitalist views will prevent the relationship between the U.S. and Russia

• He believes Russia only finds security in destruction in rival power

Zhdanov

• says the goals of the “imperialist camp” led by the U.S. is to strengthen imperialism, to hatch a new imperialist war, to combat socialism and democracy, and to support reactionary and antidemocratic profascist regimes

• U.S main goal is to build empire

• “No capitalism and imperialism have caused the Cold War”

containment

the policy or process of preventing the expansion of a hostile power contain Soviets (prevent expanding & control)

George Kennan

Moscow diplomat; responded with the Long Telegram explaining his views of the Soviets

Long Telegram

5,540-word message explaining Kennan’s views of the Soviets; officials in the State Dept. asked the American Embassy in Moscow to explain Soviet behavior

Marshall Plan

gave European nations American aid to rebuild their economies

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; mutual defense alliance; 1949

Warsaw Pact

military alliance in Eastern Europe; Soviets response to NATO

SEATO; Southeast Treaty Organization

defense agreement U.S signed in 1954

limited war

war fought to achieve limited objective, such as containing communism

subversion

the communist within the US were trying to undermine our society

loyalty review program

attempt to screen federal employees in the executive branch; prove not a communist

fallout

effects of a nuclear attack; radiation effects

red scare

began in Sept. of 1945; general fear of infiltration; Igor Gouzenko tells us how SU is spying on US for info on atomic bomb

Alger Hiss

a diplomat who had served in Roosevelt’s administration; proved to be communist/spy

McCarran Act

put a lot of restriction on Communist activity; “Internal Security Act”

McCarthyism

McCarthy turned investigation into a public witch hunt; extreme tactics

Truman Doctrine

• asked for $400 million to aid Turkey and Greece

• goal was to aid “free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressure”

• pledged U.S. intervention in the future

• U.S. help stabilize countries to prevent communism

Marshall Plan

• June 1947- Secretary of State George Marshall proposed European Recovery Program

  • give European countries aid to rebuild

  • Soviet Union rejected aid

Stalin blocked roadways to Berlin and U.S (under Truman) decided to fly supplies into Berlin

Explain the Berlin Airlift

McCarthur because he was willing to use nuclear weapons against China

Who did Truman fire? Why?

limited war, containment

What did Truman want in Korea?

Nationalist Government

What government fled China and went to Taiwan?

McCarthyism

Effect of ___

• destroyed 1,000s of lives and careers

• harassed people believed to be Communist

• drastically narrowed Am. political system; left side got chopped off

• lack of social /political trust

• abuse of power within Congress

Soviets tested the H-bomb

What event made Am. fearful of nuclear attack?

them showed up in music, plays, ads and government used it as a political weapon

How did the Cold War affect life in the 1950s?

massive retaliation

• prevent more wars by threatening nuclear war

• cut military spending from$50 billion to $$34 billion

• 1,000 bombs to 18,000 bombs

brinkmanship

willingness to go to the brink of war to force the other side to back down; argues it was too dangerous

developing nation

nations with primarily agricultural economies

central intelligence agency

Eisenhower prevented uprisings in other countries by using covert operations conducted by ___

sputnik

first man-made satellite to be launched into orbit; Soviets beat capitalism to space

“More Bang for Your Buck”; saved U.S. money

What was Eisenhower’s belief on depending on nuclear weapons?

Korea, war ended and Taiwan, China backed away

Where did Eisenhower apply the policy of brinkmanship?

Iran, gov. destabilized; Guatemala, armed and trained troops; Nikita Khrushchev, broadcasted secret speech discrediting Stalin’s speech

In what nations did the U.S. intervene with covert operations? What actions were taken?

defend democracy in the middle east

What did Eisenhower’s Doctrine promise?