Module 2

Freud Physcodynamic Perspective

• Believed every behavior tied to gratification

• No proper Nuture and parenting= fixated on stage

  • Ex. Adults who suck thumb

• Oral stage- infant needs comfort warm

  • Neglect can lead child becoming fixated

  • Ex. Smoking, drinkingm nail biting

• Anal

  • Associated with toddlerhood

  • Learning self control

  • Fixation causes over controlling

• Phallic

  • Preschool (3-5)

  • Oedipus complex- child unconscious desire for opposite-sex parent

    • Penis Envy

      • Believed girls feel inferior because she dosen’t have a penis

• Latency Stage

  • 6-11

  • Focus on family and friendships

• Genital Sage

  • Adolescenes through adulthood

  • Person preoccupied with sex and reproduction

  • Rising hormone level

Psychosocial Stage

• Trust v Mistrust: Birth to 12, infant learn to trust caregiver

• Autonomy v Shame: 1-3 years, explore, independence, learn to control actions and control environment to get results

• Initiative v Guilt 3-6 years: initiating activities, assert control through play

• Industry v inferiority: 7-12: develop pride and accomplishment with school, sports, social, and family. Feel inadequate

• Identity v Role confusion: 12-18 develop sense of self, explore roles, ideas, goals

• Intimacy v Isolotation: early adulthood concern developing and maintaing relationships

• Generativity v Stagnation: Middle adulthood, concern finding life work and contributing to dev of others

• Integrity v Despair: People in late adulthood, reflect on life, sense of pride and satisfaction OR regret and failure

Classic conditioning

• Pavlov

  • Classic conditioning- understand response to situation or connect new situation

• Operant condition: associate behavior with consequences

  • Positive: adding

  • Negative: take away

Social Cognitive

• Albert Bandura

  • Dev 1960

  • Observational learning: individual response watch other behavior

• Social Model

  • Higher status authority to observe rear

    • Ex. Parent, Teacher

• Socializing

  • Reciprocal determism= relationship between personality and way events are interred and influence

    • Ex. Discipline methods, physical enviorment, birth order, media

• Piaget- dev theory of cognitive developmen in stages bout Nuture and intelligence

  • How children interact with world

    • Schema:how children categorize

    • Assimilation: match pre existing schema to match new situation

    • Accommodation: change what think or believe base on experience

• Sensorimotor- birth to 2 years

  • Learn through senses of motor behavior

  • Object Permance- believe that something out of sight still exist

    • 5-8 months

  • Stranger anxiety- fear of unfamiliar people

• Preoperational- 2 to 7

  • Use symbol to represent world, image, and ideas during pretend play

  • Conservation- knowing that change on appearance dosnet change the amount

  • Egocentrism- not able to take perspective if others

• Concrete Operational- 2 to 11

  • Think logically

  • Use of numbers employ memory stragies

  • Conservation- understand that change in shape mass stays same

  • Reversibility- object can be change to original form

• Formal Operational 11- adulthood

  • Handle abstract ideas hypothetical stituations

  • Use to problem solve

  • Renewed egocentrism

• Critizms

  • New research agrees dev continous

  • Suggested children reach milestones earlier

  • Cultures add variation to what child capable

  • Post formal stage

    • Emotional analytical based on past expierences

• Information Proccessing

  • Emphasis on pattern

  • Attention-mechanism bring in info

  • Working memory for holding information sit can be used in future

• Cognitive Neuroscience Approaches

• Carl Rogers and Humanism

  • Self actualizing tendency

  • Humans constantly react to stimuli

  • Self concept- thoughts and feeling about self

    • Ideal self- person you like to be

    • Real Self-person actually are

  • Carl Roger and Humanism

    • Human develop ideal self based on positive regard

    • Uncontional positive regard

      • Free unconditional love value of worth

  • Abraham Maslow- physiologist

    • Hierarchy needs motivates behavior

    • Basic need met before achieve higher level needs

  • Build relationship

  • Vgotsky

    • Contextual perspective: consider relationship

    • Social interaction critical in children learning

  • Human Dev learning in social historical interactions

    • Guided participation:

    • Scaffolding

  • Behavioral Gentics