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What is the main belief of Freud's psychodynamic perspective regarding behavior?
Every behavior is tied to gratification.
What can happen if proper nurturing and parenting are not provided during a child's development?
The child may become fixated on a certain stage of development.
What behaviors might indicate a fixation from the oral stage?
Smoking, drinking, or nail biting.
What is the focus of the anal stage of development?
Learning self-control.
What can fixation during the anal stage lead to?
Over-controlling behavior.
What does the Oedipus complex refer to in the phallic stage?
A child's unconscious desire for the opposite-sex parent.
What is penis envy according to Freud?
The belief that girls feel inferior because they do not have a penis.
What is the focus during the latency stage of development?
Focus on family and friendships.
What is the genital stage associated with?
Adolescence through adulthood, preoccupation with sex and reproduction.
What is the first psychosocial stage according to Erikson?
Trust vs. Mistrust: Birth to 12 months.
What is developed during the autonomy vs. shame stage?
Exploration, independence, and learning to control actions.
During which stage do children initiate activities and assert control through play?
Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years).
What is developed in the industry vs. inferiority stage?
Pride and accomplishment with school, sports, and social interactions.
What is the primary concern during the identity vs. role confusion stage?
Developing a sense of self and exploring various roles.
What is the focus of the intimacy vs. isolation stage?
Developing and maintaining relationships in early adulthood.
What questions arise during the generativity vs. stagnation stage?
Finding life work and contributing to the development of others.
What is reflected upon in the integrity vs. despair stage?
A sense of pride and satisfaction OR regret and failure when reflecting on one's life.
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