MGI Chapter 13

Antifungals are used for

Fungal infections

What is used on inanimate objects/ fomites

Disinfectant, sanitizer, chemical sterilant, or sterilization method

What is used of living tissue

Antiseptic, degerming

What should you use for eliminating growth inside a host organism

Antibiotics, antivirals, anti parasitic

Means death

cide, cidal

Inhibits growth

stat, static

At home sanitation methods

Dishwashing detergent containing phosphates, hot water

Sanitation in the lab/ hospital/ resteraunt

Industrial strength cleaners, hot hot water

What is the goal of sanitation

reduce microbial load of inanimate items/ surfaces to safe public health levels

What is used for disinfectant at home

Chlorine bleach in laundry, phenols on high traffic surfaces

What is used for disinfectant in the lab/ hospital/ resteraunt

chlorine bleach, glutaraldehyde = biocide

What is the goal for disinfectant

Reduce or destroy microbial load of inanimate items/ surfaces

What is used for sterilization at home

Nothing

What is used for sterilization in the lab/ hospital/ resteraunt

pressurized steam (autoclave), filtering, radiation, chemcial

What is the goal of sterilization

Elimination of all vegetative cells, endospores, and viruses on inanimate items/ surfaces

When do you sterilize medical applications

Injectable or inserted into body, removal of pathogens from medical waste, not living tissue

When do you sterilize at a research lab 

Sterilize all reusable items, sterilize media, solutions, and other consumable substances

How do you sterilize pirons

Must be incinerated or be treated with 2+ chemicals for prolonged periods or multiple sterilization methods

What are the most and least resistant

Most- prions; least virus with lipid envelope

At home physical method of control- temperature

Cook food, put in fridge, freezer

In lab physical method of control- temperature

Incinerate, liquid nitrogen

What are two different heating control mechanisms

Moist heat sterilization, dry heat sterilization

Example of moist heat sterilization

Autoclave

Example of dry heat sterilization

Oven high temp over long period, incineration

What does pasteurization kill

Milk born pathogens

Pasteurization: milk heated at ____ for ____ seconds or milk heated at ____ for ___ seconds

72 C for 15, 138 C for 2

What are the two different methods of removing water

Lyophilized and desiccated

What is lyophilized

Freeze dired

What is desiccated

Dehydrated

What is filtered

Air, water, liquids that can’t be autoclaved

What are two different radiation methods

UV radiation, gamma radiation

Explain UV radiation

Creates thymine dimer in DNA that causes bacteria to die

Explain gamma radiation

Food rolls on machine, gamma hits and breaks DNA so bacteria can’t make more proteins and die

What are two methods for microbe growth on skin and tissue

Antisepsis and degermination

Explain antisepsis

Use antiseptics to eliminate microbes, prevent microbes from entering through breaks in skin (blood draw)

Explain degermation

prevent disease transmission, requires rubbing

What do chemical disinfectants target

Target a specific microbial structure or process performed by the cell

What does chemical control method depend of

length of exposure, concentration of chemical, temp, pH, microbe identity and virulence factors it posses, conditions that limit exposure

What is the microbial death curve

Time is take for 90% of the population to be killed

What is the D value

amount of time it takes to kill 90% of the population

Explain microbial testing on disk diffusion assay

Used to evaluate the efficacy of antiseptics, disinfectants, and any other substance used to control or eliminate microorganisms 

What is the zone on inhibation

No growth

If bacteria is resistant

There will be no zone of inhibition

If bacteria is susceptible

Present zone on inhibition, bacteria doesn’t grow because chemicals are resistant

What may it look like if bacteria mutates

Slight zone of inhibition, but growth on zone