psych unit 4 test

learning

learning

the acquisition of new information, experiences, and behaviors

generalization

the tendency to respond to stimulus similar to the CS

biological predispositions

behaviorist belief that learning is limited to an animal’s biology

shaping

the production of new operant behaviors via reinforcement

intrinsic motivation

motivation to do something for its own sake

extrinsic motivation

motivation to do something because of a reward or punishment

latent learning

cognitive maps that are created when given an incentive

classical conditioning

the type of learning which uses a US/R to link a CS and CR

operant conditioning

learning that forms an association between behaviors and the resulting events

stimulus discrimination

the learned ability to distinguish between a CS and similar, but different stimuli

cognitive map

mental representations of an environment

spontaneous recovery

when the CR occurs after a rest period of extinction

law of effect

Skinner’s idea that rewarded behaviors are more likely to occur

law of association

Aristotle’s theory that we learn through association

positive punishment

response that adds bad stimulus

negative punishment

response that takes away good stimulus

positive reinforcement

response that adds good stimulus

negative reinforcement

response that takes away bad stimulus

ivan pavlov

og classical conditioning; simple behaviors pulled out of complex behaviors can be modified

acquisition

the stage in classical conditioning in which there is an association between the CS and the US

b. f. skinner

psychologist that studied operant conditioning

john watson

psychologist that utilized classical conditioning for advertizing; little albert experiment

albert bandura

psychologist that studied observational learning (esp. with pro- and antisocial behaviors with kids)

primary reinforcer

innate reinforcements (think: survival needs)

conditioned reinforcer

learned reinforcement through association with a primary reinforcer

immediate reinforcer

a reinforcer that happens right after the behavior

delayed reinforcer

a reinforcer that waits for a bit after the actual behavior

continuous reinforcement

reinforces the desired behavior every time

partial reinforcement

reinforces the desired behavior only sometimes

fixed-ratio schedule

reinforces the behavior only after a specific number of occurances

variable-ratio schedule

reinforces the behavior after an unpredictable number of occurances

fixed-interval schedule

reinforces behavior after a specific amount of time has passed

variable-interval schedule

reinforces behavior after an unpredictable amount of time has passed