Industrial Revolution

James Watt

made mathematical supplies, he figured out how to make the stem engine work faster and better while burning less fuel

John Dalton

atomic theory-the atom is the smallest union of matter

Charles Darwin

survival of the fits. "if you cant adapt youll die out"

Ivan Pavlov

Stimuli on the human brain. Did a study on his dog where he would ring the bell before he ate, and eventually the dog became so used to it

Sigmund freud

trying to figure out dreams and our relationships

Bourgeoisie

the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people

life for middle class

factory owners/managers. got lots of money

Life for working class

conditions in factories were often harsh. Hours were long, typically ten to twelve hours a day. Working conditions were frequently unsafe and led to deadly accidents.

Positive effects of the Industrial Revolution

Park, right to vote, free public education, and concept of a library

cottage industry

Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution.

Enclosure Movement

The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century.

Capitalism

An economic system based on private ownership, freedom of competition and profit.

Entrepenuer

a person who managed or takes care of a business

Factory system

A method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building

John Kay

Invented the flying shuttle

Robert Fulton

American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship

Federick Taylor

known for system of industrial management. made different methods to improve industrial efficiency

Laissez-faire

No government interference

Utilitarianism

Judge something on how useful it is.

Socialism

A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production. owned by society, but the government runs it

Karl Marx

recognized as the father of communism. belief that communism would replace capitalism as it replaced feudalism. Believed in a classless society.

Child labor

Families would send their kids to work at factories/coal mines. First, they did not have it, then they did.

James Hargreaves

invented the spinning jenny

Richard Arkwright

Invented the water frame. used to turn raw cotton into cotton lab

Edmund Cartwright

invented the power loom. it sped up weaving

Henry Ford

American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company,

Louis Pasteur

A French chemist, this man discovered that heat could kill bacteria that otherwise spoiled liquids including milk, wine, and beer.

Adam Smith

Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern Capitalism.

Urbanization

the growth of cities

McAdam

Improved British roads, paved roads.

city living conditions

very dirty, crowded, busy. threw garbage in the streets which attracted disease and rats.

working conditions

very unsafe. cotton fibers and smoke were in the air. hair and fingers can get caught in the machines and fi you get hurt you cant do anything.

Gregor mendel

did studies with flowers, genetics die out

Jethro Tull

was given credit for the seed drill, scientific farmer

Bakewell

Live stock breeder. He increased his sheep meat by letting his best sheep breed.

Edward Jenner

Smallpox vaccine. if you have a small exposure to small pox you wont get it.

Henry Bessemer

Created a machine that made steel production more efficient

Genetics

The scientific study of heredity

Communism

socialism, but the government fades away

Proletariat

the mass of workers who do not own the means of production

Changes in transportation

paved roads, railroads, canals

3 big industrial countries

Britain, Germany, US

Reforms

safety laws, Child labor laws, Women earned the right to vote, free public schooling, abolishing slavery, and unions.

labor union

An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members