Physical Science - Chapter 7
Chemical Reaction: a process that rearranges the atoms in one or more substances into one or more new substances
Bubbles: a chemical reaction between two liquids may produce a gas. the gas is seen as tiny bubbles
Precipitate: sometimes when two liquids are mixed together, a solid will separate from the mixture. the solid that forms is called a precipitate
Energy Released: many chemical reactions release energy, which can be in any of many forms.
Odor: some chemical reactions produce a distinctive smell
Temperature Change: chemical reactions typically release or absorb energy. releasing or absorbing energy is often observed as a temperature change in the new substance being formed
Color Change: the new substance formed by a chemical reaction may be a different color than the original substances
Composition Change: all reactions experience a composition change, some more obvious than others.
Burning: other chemical reactions produce a visible flame as they react
Chemical Equation: a combination of chemical formulas and symbols that models a chemical reaction
Reactant: a substance that enters into a chemical reaction
Product: a substance that is formed during a chemical reaction
Mole: SI fundamental unit for the quantity of matter in a substance; a count equal to 6.022 x 10^23
Molar Mass: the mass of one mole of a substance
Synthesis Rreaction: a chemical reaction in which two or more reactants combine into a single, more complex product
Decomposition Reaction: a chemical reaction in which a single reactant breaks down into two or more products
Single-Replacement Reaction: a chemical reaction in which one element in a compound is replaced by another element
Double-Replacement: a chemical reaction in which two compounds swap cations or anions with each other
Combustion: an exothermic chemical reaction in which a fuel reacts with oxygen
Oxidation: a positive or negative number showing the electric charge on an element when it forms a compound '
Reduction: a gain of electrons in a chemical reaction
Exothermic Reaction: a chemical reaction that releases more thermal energy than it absorbs
Endothermic Reaction: a chemical reaction that absorbs more thermal energy than it releases
Activation Energy: the minimum energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur
Law of Conservation of Energy: the law that states that matter can neither be created or destroyed but only transferred between objects
Collision Model: the model that states that for a reaction to occur, the reactant particles must collide with each other, with the proper alignment, and with enough energy
reaction rate: the speed of a reaction
Surface Area: reactions happen only where the reactants are in direct contact If the surface area of the reactants is increased, then more reactant particles will be in contact with each other and more reactions will take place
Stirring: stirring the reactants moves more reactants into contact with each other, causing more reactions to occur
Temperature: increased temperature means the particles move faster, resulting in more reactions
Concentration: as the concentration reactants - how many particles are in a certain volume - it is increased, more collisions occur, increasing the rate of reaction
Chemical Reaction: a process that rearranges the atoms in one or more substances into one or more new substances
Bubbles: a chemical reaction between two liquids may produce a gas. the gas is seen as tiny bubbles
Precipitate: sometimes when two liquids are mixed together, a solid will separate from the mixture. the solid that forms is called a precipitate
Energy Released: many chemical reactions release energy, which can be in any of many forms.
Odor: some chemical reactions produce a distinctive smell
Temperature Change: chemical reactions typically release or absorb energy. releasing or absorbing energy is often observed as a temperature change in the new substance being formed
Color Change: the new substance formed by a chemical reaction may be a different color than the original substances
Composition Change: all reactions experience a composition change, some more obvious than others.
Burning: other chemical reactions produce a visible flame as they react
Chemical Equation: a combination of chemical formulas and symbols that models a chemical reaction
Reactant: a substance that enters into a chemical reaction
Product: a substance that is formed during a chemical reaction
Mole: SI fundamental unit for the quantity of matter in a substance; a count equal to 6.022 x 10^23
Molar Mass: the mass of one mole of a substance
Synthesis Rreaction: a chemical reaction in which two or more reactants combine into a single, more complex product
Decomposition Reaction: a chemical reaction in which a single reactant breaks down into two or more products
Single-Replacement Reaction: a chemical reaction in which one element in a compound is replaced by another element
Double-Replacement: a chemical reaction in which two compounds swap cations or anions with each other
Combustion: an exothermic chemical reaction in which a fuel reacts with oxygen
Oxidation: a positive or negative number showing the electric charge on an element when it forms a compound '
Reduction: a gain of electrons in a chemical reaction
Exothermic Reaction: a chemical reaction that releases more thermal energy than it absorbs
Endothermic Reaction: a chemical reaction that absorbs more thermal energy than it releases
Activation Energy: the minimum energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur
Law of Conservation of Energy: the law that states that matter can neither be created or destroyed but only transferred between objects
Collision Model: the model that states that for a reaction to occur, the reactant particles must collide with each other, with the proper alignment, and with enough energy
reaction rate: the speed of a reaction
Surface Area: reactions happen only where the reactants are in direct contact If the surface area of the reactants is increased, then more reactant particles will be in contact with each other and more reactions will take place
Stirring: stirring the reactants moves more reactants into contact with each other, causing more reactions to occur
Temperature: increased temperature means the particles move faster, resulting in more reactions
Concentration: as the concentration reactants - how many particles are in a certain volume - it is increased, more collisions occur, increasing the rate of reaction