Physical Science - Chapter 7 

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Physical Science

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60 Terms

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Combustion
an exothermic chemical reaction in which a fuel reacts with oxygen.
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Oxidation
a positive or negative number showing the electric charge on an element when it forms a compound
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temperature change
Releasing or absorbing energy is often observed as a(n) ________ in the new substance being formed.
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Composition change
all reactions experience a(n) ________, some more obvious than others.
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Odor
some chemical reactions produce a distinctive smell.
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Precipitate
sometimes when two liquids are mixed together, a solid will separate from the mixture.
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Surface area
reactions happen only where the reactants are in direct contact If the ________ of the reactants is increased, then more reactant particles will be in contact with each other and more reactions will take place.
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Product
a substance that is formed during a chemical reaction.
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Chemical reaction
a process that rearranges the atoms in one or more substances into one or more new substances.
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Reduction
a gain of electrons in a chemical reaction.
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Concentration
________: as the ________ reactants- how many particles are in a certain volume- it is increased, more collisions occur, increasing the rate of reaction.
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Double replacement
a chemical reaction in which two compounds swap cations or anions with each other.
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Bubbles
a chemical reaction between two liquids may produce a gas.
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Collision model
the model that states that for a reaction to occur, the reactant particles must collide with each other, with the proper alignment, and with enough energy.
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Color change
the new substance formed by a chemical reaction may be a different color than the original substances.
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Temperature
increased temperature means the particles move faster, resulting in more reactions.
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chemical reaction
a process that rearranges the atoms in one or more substances into one or more new substances
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bubbles
a chemical reaction between two liquids may produce a gas
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precipitate
sometimes when two liquids are mixed together, a solid will separate from the mixture
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energy released
many chemical reactions release energy, which can be in any of many forms
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odor
some chemical reactions produce a distinctive smell
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temperature change
chemical reactions typically release or absorb energy
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color change
the new substance formed by a chemical reaction may be a different color than the original substances
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composition change
all reactions experience a composition change, some more obvious than others
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burning
other chemical reactions produce a visible flame as they react
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chemical equation
a combination of chemical formulas and symbols that models a chemical reaction
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reactant
a substance that enters into a chemical reaction
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product
a substance that is formed during a chemical reaction
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mole
SI fundamental unit for the quantity of matter in a substance; a count equal to 6.022 x 10^23
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molar mass
the mass of one mole of a substance
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synthesis reaction
a chemical reaction in which two or more reactants combine into a single, more complex product
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decomposition reaction
a chemical reaction in which a single reactant breaks down into two or more products
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single-replacement reaction
a chemical reaction in which one element in a compound is replaced by another element
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double-replacement
a chemical reaction in which two compounds swap cations or anions with each other
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combustion
an exothermic chemical reaction in which a fuel reacts with oxygen
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oxidation
a positive or negative number showing the electric charge on an element when it forms a compound '
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reduction
a gain of electrons in a chemical reaction
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exothermic reaction
a chemical reaction that releases more thermal energy than it absorbs
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endothermic reaction
a chemical reaction that absorbs more thermal energy than it releases
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activation energy
the minimum energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur
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law of conservation of energy
the law that states that matter can neither be created or destroyed but only transferred between objects
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collision model
the model that states that for a reaction to occur, the reactant particles must collide with each other, with the proper alignment, and with enough energy
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reaction rate
the speed of a reaction
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surface area
reactions happen only where the reactants are in direct contact If the surface area of the reactants is increased, then more reactant particles will be in contact with each other and more reactions will take place
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stirring
stirring the reactants moves more reactants into contact with each other, causing more reactions to occur
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temperature
increased temperature means the particles move faster, resulting in more reactions
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precipitate
sometimes when two liquids are mixed together, a solid will separate from the mixture. the solid that forms is called a precipitate
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energy released
many chemical reactions release energy, which can be in any of many forms.
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burning
other chemical reactions produce a visible flame as they react
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chemical equation
a combination of chemical formulas and symbols that models a chemical reaction
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reactant
a substance that enters into a chemical reaction
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mole
SI fundamental unit for the quantity of matter in a substance; a count equal to 6.022 x 10^23
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synthesis reaction
a chemical reaction in which two or more reactants combine into a single, more complex product
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decomposition reaction
a chemical reaction in which a single reactant breaks down into two or more products
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single-replacement reaction
a chemical reaction in which one element in a compound is replaced by another element
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exothermic reaction
a chemical reaction that releases more thermal energy than it absorbs
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endothermic reaction
a chemical reaction that absorbs more thermal energy than it releases
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activation energy
the minimum energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur
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law of conservation of energy
the law that states that matter can neither be created or destroyed but only transferred between objects
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concentration
as the _____________ reactants - how many particles are in a certain volume - it is increased, more collisions occur, increasing the rate of reaction