PMLS 1 - Inventions and Innovations in the field of Medical Laboratory

people and their contributions only

Father of Microbiology, Microscope

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Vaccination to establish immunity to small pox

Edward Jenner

identified organs by their types of tissue

Marie Francois Xavier Bichat

produced disease in worms by injection of organic material

Agostino Bassi

produced immunity to rabies

Louis Pasteur

demonstrated that surgical infections are caused by airborne organisms

Joseph Lister

Presented the first pictures of bacilli (anthrax) and later tubercle bacilli

Robert Koch

Described phagocytes in blood and their role in fighting infection (called phagocytosis)

Elie Metchnikoff

Distinguished blood groups through the development of the ABO blood group system

Karl Landsteiner

Discovered microorganisms whose range lies between bacteria and viruses called “rickettsiae”

Howard Ricketts

Hepatitis B Vaccine

Baruch Samuel Blumberg

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Kary Mulis

Used microscope to document the existence of cells

Robert Hooke

introduced a method of obtaining specimens for microscopic study

John Hill

studied the great cholera outbreak in London

John Snow

Developed methods of drying and fixing blood smears using heat

Discovered mast cells and classified white blood cells according to its granulation

Paul Ehrlich

Penicillin (paramount in initiating the antibiotic era)

Alexander Fleming

Developed an achromatic microscope and introduced dark-field microscopy

Joseph Jackson Lister

Prepared the first synthetic dye

William Perkin

Developed the first visual colorimeter based on Beer’s Law

Jules Duboscq

Invented the nephelometer (an instrument for measuring the size and concentration of particles suspended in a liquid or gas, especially by means of the light they scatter)

Theodore Richards

Discovered the reciprocal relationship between pH and oxygen content of hemoglobin (Bohr effect)

Christian Bohr

Invented the fluorescence microscope

Oskar Heimstadlt

Developed the colorimeter-nephelometer

Philip Adolf Kober

developed the mass spectrograph

Francis William Aston

published the first edition of diagnosis by laboratory methods

Arthur Sanford & James Todd

developed moving boundary electrophoresis of proteins

Arne Tiselius

determined the molecular weight of hemoglobin by ultracentrigufation

Theodore Svedberg

introduced the use of light colorimetry

Otto Folin

introduces Westgard control rules into clinical laboratory quality control

James Westgard

Pap smear

George Nicholas Papanicolaou