The Reproductive System

Testes

Make sperm via meiosis. The testes also produce testosterone; the male hormone. They are enclosed in the scrotum.

Testosterone

responsible for many of the male characteristics

Epididymis

collects mature sperm which is eventually propelled through the vas deferens

Vas Deferens

sperm travel through this tube, joins w/ urethra

Vasectomy

the tube is cut to prevent sperm leaving and fertilizing the egg

Circumcision

In procedure foreskin is removed exposing the end of the penis

Prostate

gland that produces a fluid that carries sperm during ejaculation.

BPH → Benign Prostate Hyperthropy

prostate enlarges with age, slowing the flow of urine

Vasalgel

The procedure is similar to a vasectomy except a gel is injected into the vas deferens, rather than cutting.

Ovary

where the eggs are produced through meiosis

Meiosis

results in four daughter calls being produced that have half the number original cell

Identical twins

develop when a single zygote splits

Faternal twins

develop from the fertilization of two individual eggs

The ovaries secrete _____

hormones

Estrogen

responsible for the appearance of secondary sex characteristics of female

Progesterone

regulates menstruation

Fertilized egg

Zygote

Blastula

after a zygote divides several times

What does the uterus consist of

body and cervix

Cervix protrudes into the

vagina

The uterus maintains

an environment for accepting a fertilized egg

The fertilized ovum becomes

an embryo, attaches to a wall of the uterus, creates a placenta, and develops into a fetus until childbirth

What happens if no fertilized egg lives the uterus?

the lining is shed monthly in a process known as menstruation

Menarche

start of cycle

Menopause

End of cycle

Where does fertilization occur?

Fallopian tube

Where does the zygote implant?

the uterus

Ectopic Pregnancy

egg will implant in the Fallopian tube (egg will not survive)

Conception

point at which egg is fertilized

23rd chromosme

determines down syndrome (3 needed)

Fetus

Egg at 8 weeks

Ultra sound

sound waves produce an image of the baby

Amniocentesis

tests fetal cells for abnormalities such as chromosome number

Labor

contractions of muscles to extract fetus

Braxton Hicks

false contractions

Epidural

helps manage pain in labor

Placenta

Attaches to fetus via umbilical cord, supplies nutrients to the fetus during pregnancy

Placenta Previa

placenta is not not attached at the top of uterus which blocks the cervix which causes bleeding during pregnancy

Episiotomy

surgical incision to open perineum

Breech Birth

baby born feet first

IVF →In Vitro Fertilization

involves the removal of egg and sperm fertilized in a perti dish then transferring one or more fertilized eggs back into uterus

Problems with getting pregnant

Sexual Transmitted Disease

Low Sperm Count

IVF

Barrier Methods of Birth Control

condom

sponge

diaphragm

Other Methods of Birth Control

Spermicides or Contraceptive gels

Estrogen and progesterone prevent the release of eggs in females

Vasectomy

Tubal Ligation

Hysterectomy

Hyterecomy

removes women’s entire uterus (radical, partial, total)