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Chapter 10: Electrons and Electronic
Electronic Components
Resistor keep currents and voltages at levels needed for other components to work properly.
Capacitor store small amounts of electric charge.
Diodes let current flow in one direction only.
Can be used to change AC circuit to DC circuit. This process is called rectification.
such diodes are known as rectifiers.
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) glow when a small current passes through them.
Transistors are used for amplifying signals for switching.
Integrated Circuits many complete circuits, with resistors, transistors, other components, and connections all formed on a tiny chip of silicon only a few millimeters square.
Relays are electromagnetic switches.
Reed Switch is operated by a magnetic field.
It is operated by a magnetic field.
When a coil round it, a reed switch becomes reed relay.
Electronic Switching
A light sensitive switch
It is a special kind of resistance falls when light shines on it.
When the LDR is put in dark the lamp lights up.
A temperature sensitive switch
It is a special kind of resistor whose resistance falls considerably when temperature rises.
In the below circuit when temperature increases and thermistor heats up; the bell rings.
Logic gates
AND, NOT and OR gates
NOT gate | AND gate | OR gate |
|---|---|---|
If the input is one state, the output will be the other state. | If both of the inputs are high, the output will be high; otherwise the output will be low. | If either of the inputs is high, the output will be high; otherwise the output will be low. |
NAND and NOR gates
NAND gate | NOR gate |
|---|---|
If both of the outputs are high, the output will be low; otherwise the output will be high. | If either of the inputs is high, the output will be low; otherwise the output will be high. |
