WHAP: Middle Ages, Byzantine Empire, Islam

What enabled Scandinavian Vikings to travel in coastal and open waters as well as in rivers and estuaries?

Longboats

What was the decentralized government that emerged in (western) Europe called?

Feudalism

What were city-states found in Europe? Name one of the city states.

Italy - Venice

Besides a decrease in agricultural productivity and disease, what else contributed to the decline of urban areas during the post classical age? (What caused the fall of Rome, Han and the Gupta Empire)

Invasions

What is an association of merchants or craftsmen who worked together to ensure quality and set prices?

Guilds

What was the economic system of Medieval Europe that relied on the use of land (fiefs) and serfs to produce goods?

Manorialism

What were the free laborers in Europe called?

Serfs

An example of a free peasant rebellion in the Byzantine Empire was…

Nika Rebellion

Under whose leadership did the Byzantine Empire expand?

Justinian

With the growth of trade came the development of money economies. What institution began in Europe?

Banking

An example of a small community whose inhabitants maintain their cultural identity was called…

Diasporic communities

What unified Europe during the Middle Ages?

Christianity

What moved along trade routes having a devastating effect?

Disease

What technological transfer took place between Muslims and Christians during the Crusades? (Specifically, what technology were European Crusaders exposed to by the Islamic world?)

Gunpowder

Who travels were shared in the first autobiography written in English?

Margery Kempe

The end of invasions, the availability of safe and reliable transport, the rise of commerce and ________ all contributed to urban revival. (Hint: more crops could be grown)

Warmer climate (3 field system)

Identify a trading organization made up of guilds that facilitated commercial growth in Northern Europe.

Hanseatic League

How did the Byzantine Empire adapt the religious institution of the time? (Name the religious institution that emerged and how it differed from the Western institution)

Emperor appoints patriarch- banned icons – priests could marry- service done in Greek

What enabled the Arabs and Berbers to expand and intensify long distance trade? (What did they use to trade long distances?)

Camels or caravans

What are the important duties all Muslims are expected to follow called?

5 pillars

Jesus is to Christianity as ________ is to Islam.

Muhammad

What division of Islam believes that only a relative (blood relative) is qualified to be a leader of the religion?

Shi’a

What contribution can be traced from the Gupta to the Islamic world?

(Arabic) Numerals

The beliefs and practices of Islam reflect interaction with local Arabian people, Jews, Christians and _______________.

Zoroastrianism

The “Rightly Guided” caliphs formed the first caliphate. Why were they “Rightly Guided?”

Muhammad’s example and the Quran

The division between Sunni and Shia is over the issue of who is the rightful…. (use the Arabic word)

Caliph

Greek, Roman and Islamic ideas such as geometry, algebra, medicine and astronomy were preserved in universities. An example of an Islamic university in Baghdad would be-

House of Wisdom

What Muslim technological innovation had the greatest impact on maritime trade?

Astrolabe

The trans-Saharan trade carried out by West Islamic African civilizations was primarily based on an exchange of which 2 items?

Gold and salt

Who wrote about his travels in Afro-Eurasia?

Ibn Battuta

What 2 groups were targeted in the Reconquista of Spain?

Jews and Muslims

What Persian tradition influence the Islamic state in India?

Persian speaking Delhi Sultanates

Muhammad taught he was the last of the prophets. Who else did he recognize as prophets?(at least 2)

Abraham, Moses, and Jesus

What language was produced when Bantu and Arabic were blended?

Swahili (Arabic and Bantu)

What West African city was the center of Islamic learning and culture?

Timbuktu

All Muslims are expected to make a hajj at least once in their lifetime to which city?

Mecca

Name a Spanish city where Islamic foods, technologies, textiles, architecture, and music mixed with European culture.

Cordoba

Islam and Christianity were adopted in new regions and caused significant changes in gender relations and family structure. What was allowed in Eastern Orthodox and Islamic faiths?

Divorce

Muslims and Christians were forbidden to practice usury. What did the Muslim world create as a bill of exchange?

Sakks (aka checks)

The Bantu people facilitated the transmission of agricultural techniques and what other technological development?

Iron

The subsequent expansion of Islam came from merchants, missionaries and what other Arabic speaking people-who incorporated dance into prayer?

Sufis

Jewish diasporic communities are to the Mediterranean as Muslim diasporic communities are to ____________ ocean region.

Indian

What was the Christian kingdom in Africa?

Ethiopa

Name the three groups that invaded or broke away from the Abbasid Dynasty.

Mamluk, Mongols, Seljuk Turks

Name two trading cities that grew in the Indian Ocean.

Gujarat, Malacca

What was the Islamic empire in India called?

Delhi Sultanate

When Hindus emphasized the emotional side of devotion; emphasized religious experience and direct relationship with one god this was called….

Bhakti Movement

What was the primary religion of the Vijayanagara Kingdom?

Hindu

Identify a significant Islamic Kingdom in Southeast Asia.

Sultanate of Melaka

What is the Angkor Wat?

Largest religious monument in Khmer Empire- has Hindu and Buddhist artwork