an object in motion remains in motion and an object at rest remains at rest
force = mass x acceleration
every action has an equal and opposite reaction
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scientific method
observe, question, research, hypothesize, experiment, test hypothesis, conclude, report
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scalar
quantity with only magnitude
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vector
quantity with both direction and magnitude
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speed
scalar, magnitude of object’s rate of change
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velocity
vector, direction and magnitude of object’s rate of change
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field force
force exerted without direct contact, ex: gravity
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contact force
force exerted on an object by another, ex: push/pull
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weight formula
mg
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weight unit
N down
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mass formula
weight/g
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mass unit
kg
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apparent mass
mass never actually changes from different gravitational pulls, but it appears that it does
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weight
the gravitational force experienced by an object
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tension
specific type of force exerted by a rope or string, symbolized by F of T, mass of object is negligible (ignore it), will sometimes take place of normal force (if straight hanging)
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F of T \= mg N up
if object hanging on a stationary rope tension will be the weight of the object (same equation as finding weight)
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F of T = mg +/- ma N up
if object on an accelerating rope (if up you add, if down you subtract) the rope's tension will change
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F of T \= 0
if rope is moving faster than free fall
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m = F of T / g +/- a
mass equation
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greater normal force
if pushing down on an object on a surface because needs to work against F of g and F of p
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F of g \= mg
weight equation
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smaller normal force
on an inclined plane (F of g is bigger than F of N)
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mole
amount of a substance
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meter
length/distance
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second
time
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kelvin
temperature
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kilogram
mass
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candela
luminous intensity
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amp
electric current
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newton
force
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ohm
electric resistance
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meter per second
velocity
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negative exponent
when representing a small number in scientific notation ten to the power of what
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positive exponent
when representing a large number in scientific notation ten to the power of what
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leading zeros
not significant (because when changed to scientific notation)
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final zeros after decimal
significant
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non-zero digits
significant
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zeros between non-zeros
significant
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counting/definition
infinite number of significant digits (as long as amount is correct)
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final zeros
not significant (best to not include final zeros not after decimal point)
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power of ten
not significant
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decimal left
when going to left of metric staircase (giga, mega, kilo, hecto, deca) or divide by ten each step
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decimal right
when going to right of metric staircase (deci, centi, milli) or multiply by ten each step
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Acceleration
type of motion, change in velocity over time (speeding up or slowing down), vector, average and instantaneous
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Negative acceleration
slowing down in positive direction or speeding up in negative direction
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Positive acceleration
slowing down in negative direction or speeding up in positive direction
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Gravity
\-9.80 m/s^2
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Freefall
motion of an object when gravity is only significant force acting on it, g, vector, -9.80 m/s^2, mass does not affect freefall, if in a vacuum all objects will fall at same rate regardless of of size
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Terminal velocity
velocity where it is not increasing anymore
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Average acceleration
change in an object’s velocity during a measurable time interval
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Instantaneous acceleration
change in an object’s velocity at a specific instant
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Displacement
change in position having both magnitude and direction
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