Psychology of Human Relationships

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Culture

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Attitudes, behaviors, and symbols shared by a large group and passed down through generations.

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Sociocultural Events

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Events that shape individuals' preferences in forming relationships.

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38 Terms

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Culture

Attitudes, behaviors, and symbols shared by a large group and passed down through generations.

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Sociocultural Events

Events that shape individuals' preferences in forming relationships.

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Attitudes

Beliefs and values that guide individuals' priorities and principles.

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Behaviors

Norms that dictate acceptable actions within a society

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Cunningham (1995)

Observed cultural variations in the perception of attractive bodies.

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Swami (2006)

compared UK and Japanese perceptions of an attractive female body.

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BMI

primary determinant of female physical attractiveness.

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Buss (1994)

investigated factors in relationship formation across 37 cultures.

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Goodwin (1995)

argues that the notion of passionate love as a primary reason for forming serious relationships is culturally specific

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Social Cues

Visual or non-verbal characteristics in an environment that influence people's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

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MHC Genes

control immunological self-self discrimination, tissue rejection, and immune recognition of infectious diseases.

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Halo Effect

The false correlation of positive characteristics based on a few positive traits.

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The Golden Ratio

 pleasing and harmonious proportions that adhere to a specific mathematical equation.

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Ovulation

 believed to influence women's preferences in men

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Ahmad and Reid (2008)

explored the connection between traditional roles, communication styles, and marital satisfaction.

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No Fault Divorce

Couples were no longer required to prove fault; citing a broken-down marriage was sufficient

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Inclusive Fitness

The ability of an individual organism to pass on its genes to the next generation.

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Behavioral Adaptations

Individuals engage in behaviors benefiting their ingroup, even at personal cost.

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Social identity theory (SIT)

Assumes a natural division of the social environment into ingroups and outgroups.

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Assimilation

Individuals assimilate into their group by adopting the group's identity.

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Prosocial Behavior

Actions that benefit others or have positive social consequences.

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Altruism

Motivational state with the ultimate goal of increasing another's welfare.

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Kin Selection Theory

Evolutionary theory focusing on biological reasons for altruistic behavior, assumes animals' behavior informs understanding of human behavior, and focus on extreme events threatening survival.

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Discipline Styles

Harsh discipline is negatively related to prosocial behavior, while warmth, attachment, and responsiveness foster prosocial outcomes.

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Negative Emotions

emotions that cause individual to be less likely to engage in prosocial behavior.

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Cooperation

A prosocial process where individuals work together for mutual benefit.

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Competion

The degree to which people merge their sense of self with the group.

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Competition

The presence of socially comparative groups triggers competitive behavior

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Social comparison theory

suggests individuals are driven to improve their performance and minimize discrepancies with others

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Prejudice

Unjustified, usually negative thoughts and feelings based on perceived group membership.

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The Stereotype Content Model (SCM)

identifies warmth and competence as fundamental dimensions in ingroup/outgroup perceptions.

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Peace Psychology

is an academic field focused on understanding and addressing conflicts within groups, aiming to achieve sustainable peace through non-violent methods.

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Ethnocentricity

Belief in the superiority of the ingroup over the outgroup.

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Dehumanization

Treating the outgroup as less than human.

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Legitimization of Violence

Acceptance of violence towards the outgroup.

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Enemy Images

Promotion of negative perceptions of the outgroup.

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Education System Influence

Presence of educational values promoting power differentials, authoritarianism, and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO)

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Tyler and Blader (2001)

Measured the influence of identification on cooperation with groups using anonymous questionnaires.