Approaches AICE Psych

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What is the biological approach?

Examines the influence of the mind and body as well as heredity on behavior.

What are the assumptions of the biological approach?

Behaviour, cognitions, and emotions can be explained via the brain and hormones

* They can also be measured by manipulating and measuring biological responses (e.g eye movements)

What studies are in the biological approach?

Canli, Dement & Kleitman, Schachter & Singer

How does Canli support assumptions of the biological approach?

Canli was investigating the brain function, meaning that they were looking at how our biology affects our emotion

How does Dement and Kleitman support assumptions of the biological approach?

The capacity to dream and underlying emotions in dreams are the result of the brain and hormones

How does Schachter and Singer support assumptions of the biological approach?

In all of the epinephrine conditions, the pulse rate increased for these ppts, which is a result of a biological reaction to epi.

What is the cognitive approach?

It’s about the way process information & how our memory works - we think like a computer.

What are the assumptions of the cognitive approach?

Behavior & emotions can be explained in terms of the role of cognitive processes like attention, memory and language

Similarities and differences between people can be understood via cognitions. These can be the way we process or store information

What studies are in the cognitive approach?

Andrade, Baron-Cohen, Laney

How does Andrade support the cognitive approach?

The doodling group performed better on the monitoring task. This shows that doodling allowed access to optimal levels of cognitive processing

How does Baron-Cohen support the cognitive approach?

Those in G1, scored lower on the RET in compared to the other groups, which shows differences in Theory of Mind, between those with and without AS/HFA

How does Laney support the cognitive approach?

In E2, the love group’s FHI response increased by 2.5 points on loving asparagus, that proves that their memory impacted their emotions on asparagus.

What is the learning approach?

Learning changes behavior due to environmental factors and experiences

What are the assumptions of the learning approach?

We learn through conditioning:

* Operant: through rewards and punishment
* Classical: learning by association

Social learning: We may also learn through observation and imitation

What studies are in the learning approach?

Bandura, Saavedra & Silverman, Pepperberg

How does Bandura support the learning approach?

Supports social learning, because the children in the aggressive group observed the aggressive model, then copied their attacks on the Bobo doll

How does Saavedra and Silverman support the learning approach?

The ratings of distress declined over session time and during these the mother gave positive reinforcement to help shape his behaviour

How does Pepperberg support the learning approach?

Alex was able to comprehend same/different after observing a teacher and competing using the model/rival technique, which rewarded him.

What is the social approach?

How people’s thoughts, feelings, beliefs, intentions, and goals are constructed within a social context

What are the assumptions of the social approach?

Behaviors, cognitions, and emotions can be influenced by other individuals

* These can also be influenced by groups/social context

What studies are in the social approach?

Milgram, Piliavin, Yamamoto

How does Milgram support the social approach?

Ppts’ behavior was influenced by an individual, Mr William. They obeyed his authority based on factors that proved his authority, like his grey lab technicians coat, and continued to give electric shocks.

How does Piliavin support the social approach?

Ppts’ behavior was influenced by an individual, the model, who had helped the victim in the situation. As a result, fewer people had offered help compared to when there was no model present.

How does Yamamoto support the social approach?

Some chimpanzees may have solved the problem because they were influenced by the behaviour of another chimpanzee who requested a tool to be given to them.