Studied by 8 people
What bond holds 2 or more water molecules together?
Hydrogen bonds
What chemical bond holds H and O atoms together in a water molecule?
Covalent bonds
What does it mean if water molecules are polar?
Water molecules attract each other because of opposite charges, creating hydrogen bonds
Why is water resistant to temperature change?
Hydrogen bonds must be broken or formed to heat up/cool down
Why is water the universal solvent?
It dissolves more substances than any other liquid
What does cohesion mean?
Atraction between molecules of the same type.
Why is ice less dense than liquid water?
The hydrogen bonds between the water molecules force the molecules to form a lattice structure when water freezes and fewer water molecules can fit into the same space, making ice less dense
Organic compounds
Contain carbon; examples include lipids, proteins, and carbs
Inorganic compounds
Compounds that do not contain carbon
Positive feedback loop
Causes a system to change further in the same direction
Negative feedback loop
Causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving
What are the 5 spheres of the Earth?
Atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and cryosphere
Atmosphere
A thin layer of gases surrounding Earth
Lithosphere/Geosphere
A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust
Cryosphere
A term referring to all water that is temporarily frozen in polar ice caps, snow, permafrost, and glaciers
What is the water cycle?
Evaporation, condensation, precipitation
What is the carbon cycle?
The series of processes by which carbon compounds are interconverted in the environment, chiefly involving the incorporation of carbon dioxide into living tissue by photosynthesis and its return to the atmosphere through respiration, the decay of dead organisms, and the burning of fossil fuels.
What is the nitrogen cycle?
Nitrogen moves from the air to the soil, into living things, and back into the air
What is the phosphorus cycle?
A biogeochemical cycle involving all exchanges of phosphorus on earth
Biosphere
The part of Earth where life exists
Hydrosphere
All the water at and near the surface of the earth, 97% of which is in oceans
How does the water cycle affect all the other cycles?
Through erosion, because carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus are carried from soil in the ocean
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