2.2 #2 - Cell Size

What are some examples of structural modifications of cells that increase surface area?

As cell volume increases or a cell becomes specialized for transport across its surface, structural modifications such as membrane folds are necessary to adequately exchange molecules from or into the environment.

How does the surface area to volume ratio affect the rate of heat exchange with the environment?

As organisms increase in size, their surface area to volume ratio decreases, making it harder to release heat energy and adaptations may improve an organism’s efficiency in doing so.

How are specialized structures and strategies used by cells and organisms for the efficient exchange of molecules with the environment?

Cells and organisms use specialized exchange surfaces (e.g., stomatal openings on the surface of a leaf)

How is microvilli helpful?

Increases the surface area available for absorption of nutrients

What would happen if there was a loss of membrane folding?

Cells would not be as efficient in absorbing nutrients for the organism

As organisms increase in size, their surface area-to-volume ratio ________, affecting properties like __________________ with the environment.

Decreases, rate of heat exchange

Organisms have evolved highly efficient strategies to ________ and _______________.

Obtain nutrients, eliminate wastes

Cells and organisms use specialized exchange surfaces such as ___________ of leaves, to obtain molecules from and release molecules into the surrounding environment.

Stomatal openings

What can happen when the stomata's leaves are open?

CO2 can enter the leaf and O2/H2O can leave the leaf and into the atmosphere