chapter 1 - psych

psychology

study of the mind and behavior

emprical method

aquired knowledge based on observation

structuralism

Wundt, scientific study of the mind and its processes by their components

introspection

observer to describe internal sensations while performing task or stimulus

functionalism

james, investigate how mental activites help organism fit in envirnoment, whole mind

behaviorism

waston, over threw structuralist and functionalist, only observable behavior was legitmate

classical condition

pairing neutral stimulus with stimulus that reflexively triggers particular response will make netural stimulus bring smae response

reinforcement

terminated noxious stimulus or was followed by positive reward made behavior in frequency - law of effect

skinner

behavior effected by consequences

gestalt psychology

sensory experiences can be broken with individual parts, but how the parts relate → how individual responds

cognitive revolution

math and cs impacted psychology by providing scientificly rigorous ways to describe internal states and mental process

clinical psychology

diagnosing expaling and treating

sigmund freud

unconcious mind respository of feelings and urges which we have no awareness of, analyze through dream, and slips of tongue, born selfish and society makes us good

psychoanalytic theory

focus on role of persons unconscious early childhood experiences

humanism

emphasizes potential for good that is innate

maslow

hiearchy of human needs in motivating human behavior

rogers

potential for good exists, client takes lead role and are capable of dealing and working through own issues, therapist is unconditional positive

biological

how genetic and biology change things, more prevalent, neuroscience

cognitive

how thinking in diff ways change, how people acquire, store, and process info

sociocultural

how others impact us, influences of social, cultural environment impact

biopsychology

bio influences our behavior, immediate cause of behavior based in phyisology of human

evolutionary psychology

study of behaviors thought and feeling through eyes evolutionary biology

sensation and perception

very interdisiplinary, physiological aspects of sensory systems and psychological experiences, our experience/perception complex influenced by our attention, experiences, and culture

cognitive psychology

inverstigates mental processes involved in attention, thinking, language, memory, problem solving, and decision making

developmental psychology

study of development across a life span, interest in processes related to physical maturation and cognitive skills

personality psychology

patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make each individual unique

social psychology

how we interact and relate to others

stanely milgram

study on obedience, caused an ethcial guidelines

industrial organizational psychology

personal management, organizational structure, and workplace issues, make hiring decisions

health psychology

health affected by interaction of biological and psychological and sociocultural factors

sport and exercise psychology

psychological aspects of sport performance (motivation, performance anxiety)

counseling psychology

emotional, social, vocational, health related outcomes in individuals who are psychologically helahty

forensic psychology

questions of psychology as they arise in justice system

PHD

research and disseration

PsyD

more emphasis on application of principles

margraet flay washburn

1st women to earn psych phd in us, mostly animal psych, 2nd female president of APA

anna freud

expanded on dads ideas (defense mechanism), use psychoanalysis with kids, coping mechanisms

mary whiton calkins

1st female president of APA, was supposed to get PHD from Harvard, memory tests, 1st psych lab at womens college

let stetter hollingworth

challenged idea that women were intellectually inferior and unable to function while menstrating

inez prosser

1st black woman to earn psych phd in us, children psychology on integration

martha bernal

1st latina to earn psych phd in us, ethnic identity, clinical training + multicultural

mamie phipps clark

created famous clark doll theory, 4 year old gets racial identity, instrumental in court cases brown v board

Kenneth clark

married to mamie, 1st black president of APA, opened northside center for mental

francis cecil summer

1st black person to earn psych phd in us, father of black psychology, how to combat racism, antiblack bias

robert williams II

founded national assocaition of black psychologists, challenged racial difference in intelligence, creator of black intelligence test of cultural homogenity, ebonics

counselor/therapist

masters

clinical psychologist

PHD, PsyD

psychiatrist

MD, prescribe meds