Functional Anatomy KIN 312 Exam 2/ 2nd lab practical

Upper trapezius m.

Action: Elevate and superiorly rotate scapula

Proximal: Occipital bone (superior nuchal line)

Distal: Clavicle

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Middle trapezius m.

Action: Retract scapula

Proximal: Ligamentum nuchae

Distal: Acromion process and spine of scapula

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Lower Trapezius

Action: depress scapula

Proximal: C7-T12

Distal: Acromion process and spine of scapula

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Levator scapulae m.

Action: Elevates scapula; inferiorly rotates scapula (pulls glenoid cavity inferiorly)

Proximal: Transverse process of C1-C4

Distal: Superior part of medial border of scapula

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Rhomboid major m.

Action: Elevates and retracts (adducts) scapula; inferiorly rotates scapula

Proximal: Spinous process of T2-T5

Distal: Medial border of scapula form spine to inferior angle

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Rhomboid minor

Action: Elevates and Retracts (adducts) scapula; inferiorly rotates scapula

Proximal: Spinous process of C7-T1

Distal: Medial border of scapula superior to spine

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Serratus anterior m.

Action: Agonist in scapula protraction; superiorly rotates scapula (so glenoid cavity moves superiorly); stabilizes scapula

Proximal: Medial border of scapula, anterior surface

Distal: Ribs 1-8, anterior and superior margins

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Pectoralis minor m.

Action: Protracts and depresses scapula

Proximal: Coracoid process of scapula

Distal: Ribs 3-5

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Anterior deltoid m.

Action: Flex and medialy rotate arm

Proximal: Acromial end of clavicle

Distal: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus b.

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Middle deltoid m.

Action: Agonist of arm abduction

Proximal: Acromion and spine of scapula

Distal: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus b.

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Posterior deltoid m.

Action: Extend and laterally rotate arm

Proximal: Acromion and spine of scapula

Distal: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus b.

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Pectoralis major (clavicular and sterna fibers)m.

Action: Agonist of arm flexion; also adducts and medially rotates arm

Proximal: Medial clavicle; costal cartilages of ribs 2-6; body of sternum

Distal: Lateral part of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Coracibrachialis m.

Action: Adducts and flexes arm

Proximal: Coracoid process of scapula

Distal: Middle medial shaft of humerus

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Latissimus dorsi m.

Action: Agonist of arm extension; also adducts and medially rotates arm ("swimmers muscle")

Proximal: Spinous process of T7-T12; ribs 8-12; iliac crest; thoracolumbar fascia

Distal: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Teres major m.

Action: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm

Proximal: Inferior lateral border and inferior angle of scapula

Distal: Lesser tubercle and intertubercular groove of humerus

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Supraspinatus m.

Action: Abducts arm

Proximal: Supraspinous fossa of scapula b.

Distal: Greater tubercle of humerus b.

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Infraspinatus m.

Action: Adducts and laterally rotates arm

Proximal: infraspinous fossa of scapula b.

Distal: Greater tubercle of humerus b.

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Teres minor m.

Action: Adducts and laterally rotates arm

Proximal: Upper dorsal lateral border of scapula (superior to teres major attachment)

Distal: Greater tubercle of humerus

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Subscapularis m.

Action: Medially rotates arm

Proximal: Subscapular fossa of scapula

Distal: Lesser tubercle of humerus

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

spine of scapula

Name the structure.

infraspinous fossa of scapula

Clavicle

sternal end of clavicle

medial border of scapula

Name the region of the bone.

Inferior angle of scapula

what is this called?

lateral border of scapula

what is this called?

coracoid process of scapula

what is this called?

acromion process of scapula

What structure is highlighted?

acromioclavicular j., sliding

Whats the name of joint A? and what type of joint is it?

glenohumeral j. , Ball & socket

What is B? and what type of joint is it?

sternal notch of sternum

What is this?

sternoclavicular joint and modified ball and socket

what name is this and what type of joint is it?

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

What is this called?

greater tubercle of humerus

Name the structure.

lesser tubercle of humerus

Name the structure.

intertubercular groove of humerus

name this

Olecranon fossa of humerus

Name the structure.

olecranon process of ulna

Name the structure.

lateral epicondyle of humerus

Name the structure.

medial epicondyle of humerus

Name the structure.

radial head of radius

what is this called?

proximal radioulnar joint

Name the joint

distal radioulnar joint

Name the joint

radial styloid process

Name the structure.

Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus b.

name the structure

internal rotation of shoulder

what do you call this motion?

external rotation of shoulder

what do you call this motion?

Scaphoid b.

Name the bone.

Lunate b.

Name the bone.

Triquetrum b.

Name the bone.

Pisiform b.

Name the bone.

hook of hamate on hamate b.

Name the bone.

Hamate b.

Name the bone.

Capitate b.

Name the bone.

trapezoid b.

Name the bone.

Trapezium b.

Name the bone.

radiocarpal j.

name this joint

metacarpophalangeal j. , condyloid

name this joint. And what type of joint is it?

scapulothoracic j. , false joint

What joint is this? and what type of joint is it?

humeroulnar j. , hinge

What is this joint? and what type of joint is it?

1st carpometacarpal j., saddle joint

what joint is this, also what tyoe of joint is it?

proximal interphalangeal j.

What joint is this?

distal interphalangeal j.

What joint is this?

2-5 carpometacarpal joints , plane gliding

What are these joints called and what kind are they?

anatomical snuff box

whats this called

Biceps brachii

Action: flexes forearm at humeroulnar j., powerful supinator of forearm

What is this muscle in green and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

elevation and depression

What are the movements of the sternoclavicular j. in the frontal plane?

anterior/posterior rotation

What are the movements of the sternoclavicular j. in the sagittal plane?

protraction/retraction and elevation/depression

What are the multi-planar movements of the acromioclavicular j.

upward/downward rotation

What are the movements of the acromioclavicular j. in the scapular plane?

Brachialis m.

Action: Primary flexor of forearm at humeroulnar j.

Proximal: Distal anterior surface of humerus b.

Distal: Tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna b.

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Brachioradialis m.

Action: Flexes forearm at humeroulnar j.

Proximal: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus b.

Distal: styloid process of radius b.

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Biceps brachii short head

Action: Flexes forearm, powerful supinator of forearm

Proximal: coracoid process of scapula b.

Distal: Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

What is this muscle in green, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Anconeus m.

Action: Extends forearm

Proximal: Lateral epicondyle of humerus b.

Distal: Olecranon of ulna b.

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Pronator teres

Action: Pronates forearm

Proximal: Medial epicondyle of humerus b. and coronoid process of ulna b.

Distal: Lateral surface of radius

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

pronator quadratus m.

Action: pronates forearm

Proximal: Distal one-forth of ulna b.

Distal: Distal one forth of radius b.

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Supinator m.

Action: Supinates forearm

Proximal: lateral epicondyle of humerus b. and ulna b. distal to radial notch

Distal: Anterolateral surface of radius b. distal to radial tuberosity

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Flexor carpi radialis m.

Action: Flexes wrist at radiocarpal j., abducts hand

Proximal: Medial epicondyle of humerus b.

Distal: Base of metacarpal II and III

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Flexor carpi ulnaris m.

Action: flexes wrist at radiocarpal j., adducts hand

Proximal: medial epicondyle of humerus b., ; olecranon and posterior surface of ulna b.

Distal: pisiform b. and hamate b. ; base of metacarpal V

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

palmaris longus m.

Action: weak wrist flexor

Proximal: medial epicondyle of humerus b.

Distal: Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

extensor carpi radialis longus m.

Action: Extends wrist and abducts hand

Proximal: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus b.

Distal: base of metacarpal II

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

extensor carpi radialis brevis m.

Action: Extends wrist and abducts hand

Proximal: Lateral epicondyle of humerus b.

Distal: Base of metacarpal III

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Extensor carpi ulnaris m.

Action: Extends wrist and Adducts hand

Proximal: lateral epicondyle of humerus b.

Distal: Base of metacarpal V

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

flexor digitorum superficialis m.

Action: Flexes wrist at the radiocarpal j. , flexes 2nd - 5th digits at the metacarpophalangeal j., proximal interphalangeal j.

Proximal: medial epicondyle of humerus b. , Coronoid process of ulna

Distal: Middle phalanges of digits 2-5

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

flexor digitorum profundus m.

Action: Flexes wrist at the radiocarpal j. , flexes 2nd - 5th digits at the metacarpophalangeal j., proximal interphalangeal j., Distal interphalangeal j.

Proximal: anteromedial surface of ulna, interosseous membrane

Distal: Middle phalanges of digits 2-5

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

flexor pollicis longus

Action: Flexes Metacarpophalangeal j. of thumb, Interphangeal j. of thumb; weakly flexes wrist

Proximal: Anterior shaft of radius; interosseous membrane

Distal: Distal phalanx b. of thumb

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Extensor digitorum m.

Action: Extends wrist, Extends 2nd - 5th digits at the metacarpophalangeal j., Proximal interphalangeal j., distal interphalangeal j.

Proximal: Lateral epicondyle of humerus b.

Distal: Distant and middle phalanges of digits 2-5

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

extensor pollicis longus m.

Action: Extends Metacarpophalangeal j. and interphalangeal j. of thumb

Proximal: Posterior surface of ulna; interosseous membrane

Distal: Distal phalanx of thumb

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Extensor digiti minimi m.

Action: Extends wrist, metacarpophalangeal j. and proximal interphalangeal j. of digit 5

Proximal: Lateral epicondyle of humerus b.

Distal: Proximal phalanx of digit 5

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Extensor indicis m.

Action: Extends metacarpophalangeal j., proximal interphalangeal j., and distal interphalangeal j. of digit 2, extends wrist (weakly)

Proximal: Posterior surface of ulna; interosseous membrane

Distal: Tendon of extensor digitorum

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

abductor pollicis longus m.

Action: Abducts thumb, extends wrist (weakly)

Proximal: Proximal dorsal surfaces of radius b. and ulna b. ; interosseous membrane

Distal: Lateral edge of metacarpal I

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Lumbricals m.

Action: Flexes 2nd-5th metacarpophalangeal j. and extends 2nd -5th proximal interphalangeal j. and distal interphalangeal j.

Proximal: Tendons of flexor digitorum Profundus

Distal: Dorsal tendons on digits 2-5

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Dorsal interossei m.

Action: Abducts fingers 2-5; flexes metacarpophalangeal j. 2-5, and extends proximal interphalangeal j. and Distal interphalangeal j.

Proximal: Adjacent, opposing faces of metacarpals

Distal: Dorsal tendons on fingers 2-5

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Palmar interossei m.

Action: Adducts fingers 2-5; flexes metacarpophalangeal j. 2-5, and extends proximal interphalangeal j. and Distal interphalangeal j.

Proximal: Metacarpal bones II, IV, V

Distal: Sides of proximal phalanx bases for digits 2, 4, and 5

What is this muscle, and what is its action, Proximal & Distal insertions?

Internal/external rotation

What are the scapular motions in the transverse plane?

Anterior/posterior tilt

What are the scapular motions in the Saggital plane?

Weak serratus anterior

What can cause a winged scapula?

Supraspinatus

Subscapularis

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Name the four rotator cuff muscles. (SITS)

Stabalizes humeral head during arm abduction and flexion, especially in the initial stages. Also, is a major mover for internal/external rotation

What does the rotator cuff do?

push-up Plus

Whats a good workout to help with winged scapula?