Circuit components AYr1

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Circuit components definitions, symbols (British) and their graphs

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18 Terms

1
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Thermistor (negative coefficient)

  • high temperature, low resistance

  • low temperature, high resistance

  • made from semiconducting materials

  • used in sensor circuits

<ul><li><p>high temperature, low resistance</p></li><li><p>low temperature, high resistance</p></li><li><p>made from semiconducting materials</p></li><li><p>used in sensor circuits </p></li></ul>
2
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Rheostat

c

3
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Potensiometer

d

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Sensor circuits definition

A circuit that uses a sensor (light dependent resistor/thermistor) to trigger another component in the circuit

5
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Light emitting diode

Same in all respects as a standard diode, only it emits light when a current goes through

<p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Same in all respects as a standard diode, only it emits light when a current goes through</span></p>
6
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Light dependent resistor

  • A resistor whose resistance depends on the amount of light incident on it.

  • It is a negative coefficient semiconducting material - more light means it releases more delocalised electrons, decreasing its resistance.

  • Used in sensor circuits (e.g. triggers when the sun goes down)

<ul><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">A resistor whose resistance depends on the amount of light incident on it.</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">It is a </span><strong><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">negative coefficient </span></strong><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">semiconducting material - more light means it releases more delocalised electrons, </span><strong><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">decreasing</span></strong><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif"> its resistance.</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Used in </span><strong><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">sensor circuits</span></strong><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif"> (e.g. triggers when the sun goes down)</span></p></li></ul>
7
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Switch

  • breaks the circuit when open

  • must be closed for current to flow

<ul><li><p>breaks the circuit when open</p></li><li><p>must be closed for current to flow</p></li></ul>
8
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Cell and battery

  • Provide the energy in DC circuits

  • Have a positive and negative terminal

  • Conventional flow of current from positive to negative

  • Have an EMF and a terminal P.D

  • a battery is mulitple cells linked together (in series)

<ul><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Provide the energy in DC circuits</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Have a positive and negative terminal</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif"><mark data-color="yellow">Conventional flow </mark>of current from positive to negative</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Have an EMF and a terminal P.D </span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">a battery is mulitple cells linked together (in series)</span></p></li></ul>
9
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Lamps/bulbs (filament)

  • Convert electrical energy to Light and Heat

  • Resistance increases with the current and the voltage because their temperature rises

<ul><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Convert electrical energy to Light and Heat</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Resistance increases with the current and the voltage because their temperature rises</span></p></li></ul>
10
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voltmeter

  • Measure the P.D. between its two terminals 

  • Always connected parallel with the component whose P.D. we wish to measure

  • Has practically infinite resistance (current never flows through it)

<ul><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Measure the P.D. between its two terminals&nbsp;</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Always connected </span><strong><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">parallel</span></strong><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif"> with the component whose P.D. we wish to measure</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Has practically infinite resistance (current never flows through it)</span></p></li></ul>
11
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ammeter

  • Measures the current through a component

  • Always connected in series with the current we want to measure

  • Has practically zero resistance (does not affect the flow of current)

<ul><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Measures the current through a component</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Always connected </span><strong><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">in series</span></strong><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif"> with the current we want to measure</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Has practically </span><strong><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">zero</span></strong><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif"> resistance (does not affect the flow of current)</span></p></li></ul>
12
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fixed resistor

  • Obeys Ohm’s Law

  • R only depends on temperature

  • Energy transferred to it turns to heat and dissipates to the surroundings (air, water etc)

<ul><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Obeys </span><strong><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Ohm’s Law</span></strong></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">R only depends on temperature</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Energy transferred to it turns to heat and dissipates to the surroundings (air, water etc)</span></p></li></ul>
13
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variable resistor

  • A resistor whose resistance we can vary at will within certain limits

  • Used in light dimmers and many other applications

<ul><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">A resistor whose resistance we can vary at will within certain limits</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Used in light dimmers and many other applications</span></p></li></ul>
14
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motor

  • A component which uses the energy transferred to it to generate motion

  • Motion is rotational e.g. axles, winches, washing machine drums, mixers etc

  • (more in YR13)

<ul><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">A component which uses the energy transferred to it to generate motion</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Motion is rotational e.g. axles, winches, washing machine drums, mixers etc</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">(more in YR13)</span></p></li></ul>
15
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diode

  • Only allows current to go through in a given direction (that of the arrow)

  • Has a cut-off voltage - i.e. will not conduct current below a certain value even if it is in the right direction

<ul><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Only allows current to go through in a given direction (that of the arrow)</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Has a cut-off voltage - i.e. will not conduct current below a certain value even if it is in the right direction</span></p></li></ul>
16
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heater

  • Similar to resistors, it generates heat when an electric current flows through

  • E.g. electric blankets, rear car window resistors etc

<ul><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">Similar to resistors, it generates heat when an electric current flows through</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: Roboto, sans-serif">E.g. electric blankets, rear car window resistors etc</span></p></li></ul>
17
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cut off voltage

  • the component will not conduct current below a certain value (even if in correct direction for a diode)

  • seen in diodes (not sure about other components)

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equivalent resistance

total electrical resistance caused by all of the resistors in the circuit acting together against the voltage source