Exs 323: Ch 18 Nutrition & Body composition pt1&2

Body Composition

Refers to the proportions of fat, bone, water, and muscle in the body.

BMI (Body Mass Index)

A calculation comparing height and weight but does not directly measure body composition.

Percent body fat

Indicates the proportion of fat within the body, linked to health risks.

Hypertension

High blood pressure that can increase the risk of heart disease.

Type 2 diabetes

A chronic condition that affects how the body processes blood sugar.

CVD/Stroke

Cardiovascular disease and strokes associated with high levels of body fat.

Gallbladder disease

Conditions affecting the gallbladder, including gallstones, linked to obesity.

Osteoarthritis

Joint pain and deterioration associated with excess weight.

Sleep apnea

Breathing interruptions during sleep, more common in overweight individuals.

Correlation and causation

Understanding that correlation does not imply a direct cause-and-effect relationship.

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Recommendations updated every five years for nutritional practices.

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

The mean value of nutrient intake needed to meet the needs of a population.

Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)

The amount of nutrient to meet the needs of nearly all healthy individuals.

Adequate Intake (AI)

Assumed adequate nutrient levels when RDA cannot be determined.

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

The highest intake level unlikely to pose a health risk.

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs)

Recommended percentage ranges for macronutrients to lower chronic disease risk.

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

Average dietary energy intake needed to maintain energy balance.

Daily Value (DV)

Standard used in nutritional labeling based on a 2,000 kcal/day diet.

Macronutrients

Nutrients required in relatively large amounts (more than a few grams per day).

Micronutrients

Nutrients required in relatively small amounts (less than 1 gram per day).

Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)

Energy expenditure resulting from eating, contributes to total energy expenditure.

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Rate of energy expenditure under standardized conditions.

Dynamic energy balance

Change in energy intake resulting in body weight changes.

Static energy balance

Energy consumed equals energy expended, maintaining body mass.

Physical Activity

Includes exercise and accounts for a percentage of total energy expenditure.

Energy Balance Equation

Describes the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure.

Limiting amino acid

The essential amino acid that is in the least quantity in a given food or diet.

Health Standards for Body Fatness

Recommended body fatness ranges: 10-25% for men, 20-35% for women.

Obesity prevalence

The proportion of individuals meeting criteria for obesity within a population.

Nutrition

The study of food and nutrients, their digestion, absorption, metabolism, and effects on health.

Health-related fitness

Components of fitness related to health, including body composition.

Chronic diseases associated with obesity

Health issues like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers linked to excessive body fat.