Photosynthesis and Plant Biology

Flashcards covering key concepts of photosynthesis and plant biology.

What is photosynthesis?

The process by which plants use sunlight to make the energy storage molecule glucose from carbon dioxide and water, producing oxygen as a byproduct.

What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.

What are stoaxa?

Small openings on the leaf surface that allow gases (carbon dioxide and oxygen) to enter and exit the leaf.

What role do guard cells play in relation to stomata?

Guard cells open and close the stomata, regulating gas exchange.

What is the function of xylem?

Xylem transports water and minerals in a one-way flow from the roots to the leaves.

What is the role of phloem?

Phloem transports the products of photosynthesis (like glucose) in a two-way flow throughout the plant.

Where does carbon dioxide (CO₂) enter the plant?

Through the stomata in the leaves.

Where does oxygen (O₂) exit the plant?

Into the atmosphere through the stomata.

How does water (H₂O) enter the plant?

Through the roots, and is transported to the leaves via xylem.

What is starch in relation to glucose in plants?

Starch is the storage form of glucose in plants, stored in seeds, roots, and tubers for later use.

How do root hairs assist plants?

Root hairs increase the surface area to help with water absorption.