Labor Movements and Social Changes in the Gilded Age

Tenements

Multi-story buildings for low-income urban housing.

Overcrowding

Multiple families sharing small living spaces.

Poor Conditions

Inadequate sanitation, ventilation, and heating in housing.

Low Rent

Affordable housing with substandard living conditions.

Urban Centers

Locations where tenements housed growing immigrant populations.

Shared Facilities

Communal bathrooms and kitchens in tenement buildings.

Child Labor

Children working in various industries during Gilded Age.

Working Women

Women operating sewing and textile machines.

Labor Unions

Groups formed to advocate for workers' rights.

Knights of Labor

National labor group uniting skilled and unskilled workers.

Haymarket Riot

1886 protest for 8-hour workdays in Chicago.

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Craft union focusing on economic gains for workers.

Pullman Strike

1894 strike against wage cuts and layoffs.

Homestead Strike

1892 strike against wage cuts at Carnegie Steel.

Agrarian Movement

Farmers organizing for rights and economic reforms.

Grange

National organization promoting farmers' rights.

Interstate Commerce Act

1887 law regulating railroad pricing practices.

Populist Party

Political party advocating for common people's rights.

Unlimited Coinage of Silver

Proposal to increase silver currency for economic relief.

Direct Election of Senators

Senators elected by popular vote, not legislature.

Secret Ballot

Voting method to prevent voter intimidation.

Graduated Income Tax

Tax system taxing wealthy at higher rates.

Social Gospel Movement

Protestant reform movement advocating for social justice.

18th Amendment

Prohibition amendment banning alcoholic beverages.

Wizard of Oz

Allegorical representation of Gilded Age issues.

Emerald City

Represents Washington D.C. in the allegory.

Yellow Brick Road

Symbolizes the Gold Standard in the allegory.

Silver Slippers

Represents the Free Silver movement.

Wicked Witch West

Symbolizes the Western U.S. in the allegory.