Week 2- Exploration + Enlightenment

History

3 Biggest Resons for Age of Exploration (AE)

1. Gold

2. Glory

3. God

Improved Techonology

Cartographers (mapmkaers) created better maps and astrolabes to determine the latitude of the sea

Caravel

An European ship that was more aerodynamic and traveled faster

Prince Henry the Navigator

Began a school for cartographers, sailors and captains. (portugese)

Bartolomuez Diaz (portugese)

Rounded southern tip of Africa- named it Cape of Good Hope

Vasco De Gama

Went around Africa and successfully landed on India. Discovered cause of scurvy.

Christopher Columbus

Sailed for spain in hope’s to reach India but landed in the Caribbean Islands instead. He 3 ships the Nina, the Pinta and Santa Maira

Columbian Exchange: Disease- Brought to NW

The “New World” natives did not have any resistance to old world disease killing 50-90% of indigenous populations. Smallpox, measles, yellow fever, whooping cough

Columbian Exchange: Animals- Brought to NW

Introduce means of transportation, food and cloth but messed up the ecosystem crops and spread disease. Horses, pigs, hogs, etc

Columbian Exchange: Plants Brought to New World

Sugar Cane (forbearer of plantations and slavery), wheat, millet, barley, pears, onions, radishes, peas etc

Columbian Exchange Impact on NW

Forcefully relocated native americans from their lands.-

• Spanish Ecomienda System: Spainards watch over natives and convert them in return to collect tribute from the natives as gold, labor, etc

Columbian Exchange: Brought to OW

Corn, Potatoes, Tobacco, Tomatoes, Healing Plants

Treaty of Tordesillas

Divided Land Between portugese and spanish into modern boundaries.

Ferdinard Magellan (spanish)

Credited with being the first to sail all the way around the globe, or circumnavigate it

Hernado Cortez (spanish)

Genocided Aztec Empire, for search of gold. Known as conquistadors. Mainly wiped out aztecs with the smallpox disease

Francisco Pizaro (spanish)

Genocide on Inca Empire for Gold

Mercantilism

Idea that a country should export more than it imports to make more gold

Triangular Trade

Trade Routes that linked Europe, Africa and the Americas that traded enslaved people, sugar and rum

Middle Passage

Transportation where enslaved people were crammed into densely populated ships across the Atlantic to the Americas

Roger Bacon

Created Scientific Method and Experimentation process

William Harvey

Documented human circulation and flow of blood

Nicola Copernious

Believe in Heliocentric idealism, or sun centered universe contradicted believe of geocentric earth

Johannes Kepler

New laws of Planetary motions

Galileo Galilei

Used the telescope to support heliocentric theory

Sir Issac Newton

Developed Calculus and theory of gravity

Thomas Hobbes

Beleived that peasants lived in a natural state of anarchy and were born selfish and greedy. So the leader recieves absolute power for social order. (unwritten social contract)

John Locke

Believe in Nautral Rights and the government exists to serve and protect people’s natural rights. Influenced Declaration of Independence

Voltaire

Separation of church and state

Rousseau

Social Contract between government and people- based on popular soveriegnty

Baron de Montesquieu

Believe in separation of powers, checks and balances

• Legislative

• executive

• Judicial

Impact of Enlightenment

Incoporated in U.S. doctrines such as the declaration fo Independence and the U.S. constitution: ex: popular sovereignity, religous tolarance, separation of power. French + American revolution