Theology III S1 Finals Vocabulary
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people who believed you had to be jewish to be a Christian
Church put an end to this at the Council of Jerusalem (50 AD)
1) Evil god created the world
2) Matter is evil
3) Reincarnation
4) Knowledge (to be free and not reincarnate)
5) Deny the Humanity of Christ (Christian Gnosticism)
When it contacts with Judaism, it inverses Genesis (good and bad of God and Satan)
Christian persecution was because of these Christians among other reasons
St Ignatius writes a book called against the heretics that affirms the 4 gospels, apostolic succession, and sacred tradition
This helps defeat them
Dominicans of Franciscans challenge it again in 1100 when it resurfaces
denied the divinity of Jesus, believed he was a powerful angel
Athanasius wrote “On the Incarnation” to refute Arius; supports the divinity of Jesus Christ
Constantine forces all bishops to meet in Nicaea in 325 AD to hash it out
Arius vs. Athanasius
Council sides with Athanasius; anathematized Arius
Nicene Creed created
teaching office of the Church comprised of bishops, priests and the pope
responsible for preserving, interpreting, and sharing the deposit of faith
meetings of all the bishops of the world, including the pope
the bishops are the successors of the apostles, unbroken line from Peter to Francis
whole content of DR; everything Catholics believe; what Jesus did
everything Jesus said and did, written and by tradition
sacred tradition + sacred scripture
the principles by which we interpret scripture:
1) content & unity - how to interpret a passage of Scripture in the context of the whole Bible (also called canonical exegesis)
2) living tradition - when we interpret a passage, we have to consider how it’s been interpreted across time
3) analogy of the faith - when we interpret a passage of Scripture, it must be consistent with the Deposit of Faith; cannot contradict how the magisterium has previously defined it
process of actually interpreting God’s Word; applying hermeneutics
1) Historical Context
- who wrote/edited, world view at the time, when, where
2) Grammar
- word or phrase meaning back then + punctuation
3) Rhetorical Style
- ex. Gospels are biographies + Psalms are hymns
4) Canonical Context
- where passage is in Bible (Gospel? NT? OT?)
5) Liturgical Tradition
- how do we use passage of Scripture in worship
6) Doctrinal Content
- how a verse connects to what we believe
events in the Old Testament point to what's in the New Testament
NT helps us to better understand what was in the OT
Christ is the center of revelation and history
Divine Revelation is this
a manifestation of God in a tangible form
God appears physically
an oath made before God that establishes a family
kinship by covenant
means thanks in Hebrew
the ____ offering is an offering where people thank God with bread and songs
the ____ ritual is the use of bread + hymns to God as a thank offering
discussed in Leviticus 7:11-15
the sacrificial offering of Jesus that makes us one with God
defeats problem of Original Sin
restores humans relationship with God
In Exodus 12:1-28, God tells the Israelites to put blood on their doorsteps and eat unleavened bread so God will "pass over" their 1st born son
process Jesus goes through to reconcile humanity with God
the redemptive work of Christ in his Passion, Death, Resurrection, and Ascension; the process Jesus goes through to reconcile us with the Father and to save us
the indwelling presence of the holy trinity
when you receive grace, Jesus becomes present inside of you, AKA a theophany
↑↑ the grace which allows us to be holy and be in the presence of God, restores original holiness
↓↓ the grace that allows us to live in this world, restores original justice
churches built in the shape or design of a cross; usually before 1960s (old churches)
facing east when in the nave (pew) section; churches traditionally built like this; East b/c Jesus rises like the sun
the table in a church at which the bread and wine are consecrated in communion services
should have a reliquary w/ a saint relic
the place where Consecrated Hosts are kept after the celebration of the Mass
where Eucharist is stored, should be non-transparent
a book containing the prayers needed by a priest to celebrate the Eucharist and (sometimes) other sacraments
books w/ prayers of Mass + other sacraments
The book of scriptures read at the liturgy of the word
has Scripture readings for Mass, read by lector
a representation of a cross with a figure of Jesus Christ on it. can either have a suffering or "non-suffering" Jesus depicted
cross w/ Christ’s body; must be in every church
a representation or image of a sacred personage, often considered sacred itself.
painting, mosaic, engraving (art) specifically for churches of saints, Mary, Jesus, for worship
a small plate, usually made out of silver/gold, used to hold Body of Christ (consecrated bread)
a 4 week period of reflection before Christmas
4 sundays before Christmas; purple b/c penitential season
The feast day on which Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus; also refers to the liturgical season that immediately follows Christmas Day (lasts for around 2 weeks); usually lasts til the epiphany
The time in the liturgical year that is not part of a special season like Advent, Christmas, Lent, or Easter
reflect on life + ministry of Christ
Traditionally, the span of forty days (excepting Sundays) between Ash Wednesday and Easter Sunday
In the official Church calendar, Lent begins with Ash Wednesday and ends on Holy Thursday evening with the celebration of the Mass of the Lord's Supper
Lent is the season during which believers focus on conversion, turning toward God more completely in their lives; prepares for Easter; penitential season
The day on which Christians celebrate Jesus' resurrection from the dead
1st Sunday after 1st full moon after the spring equinox
50 days; Easter Vigil though Pentecost
The 50th day following Easter, which commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit on the early Apostles and disciples (flame appears above apostles + Mary); red color
Perfumed olive oil consecrated by the bishop that is used for anointing in the Sacraments of Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Orders
a gift of the Holy Spirit that allows us to understand things from God's point of view
it allows Christians to view and judge in accordance to God’s will and perspective
gift of the Holy Spirit that helps us grasp a better understanding of the sacred mysteries and events that happen in our lives and comparing to the life of Christ
to have a spiritual understanding of the Word of God
gift of the Holy Spirit that help us grasp of the meaning of the truths of our religion and what lessons that God has given each us
to have a deeper knowledge of the truths revealed in the Catholic faith, and see all that is created and all good actions come, and are directed to, God
gift of the Holy Spirit that gives Christians the ability to make sound judgments based on Christ’s teaching
it allows the Spirit to guide an individual in reaching a morally correct decision with careful thought
helps to discern what is right and wrong
gift of the Holy Spirit that enables us conquer fear, even fear of death, and to face trials and persecutions
gives Christians the power to persevere in tough situations and the strength to withstand the tendency to sin
to have a firmness of mind to do good despite difficulties and have the confidence to overcome challenges with the assurance of eternal life
gift of the Holy Spirit that gives the deep sense of respect for God and the Church and what it means to have reverence on reliance on God
lets Christians appreciate the Lord, their creator, Jesus their savior, and the Spirit that bestows blessings upon them
inspires Christians to worship and devote themselves to God, while following the teachings and commandments of the Church
gift of the holy spirit that gives us the desire to please God for two reasons: - Fear of being punished for doing wrong -Love and respect for the Father
to recognize God as a figure of authority, understanding that he will pass judgement on their actions
individuals might base their behavior on devotion for the Father or out of fear of punishment for their sins
bread/wine -> body/blood (physical "accidents" remain, divine presence is added)
Aristotle
A term that means "I confess," it is used at the beginning of Mass during the introductory rite that cleanses us of venial sin (through my fault, through my fault response)
publicly acknowledge sins, prayer
a priest's sermon during the liturgy of the word
to tell people what the message of a reading is; said by ordained; doesn’t need to be said on weekdays
priest holds up host and repeats words of Jesus "take this all of you & drink from it ..."
bell is rung 2nd time w/ bread and 3rd w/ wine, where the miracle happens.
part of liturgy of the eucharist.
the words of Christ; part of the Eucharistic Prayer
The calling down of the Holy Spirit
During Mass, the priest extends his hands over the gifts of bread and wine (like over chalice), he calls down the Holy Spirit to change them into the Body and Blood of Jesus
bells are rung for the 1st time
the mystery of faith; “Do this in memory of me.”
the memorial acclamation; proclaim God has arrived
utterance, deed, or desire," caused by concupiscence, that offends God, reason, truth, and conscience
creates separation between us and God.
the fallen state all human beings experience because of the 1st sin of Adam and Eve
destroys OG holiness + justice
consequence: concupisience
A thought, word, deed, or omission contrary to God's eternal law
It is a human act that presumes (a) knowledge of wrongdoing, (b) awareness of malice in one's conduct, and (c) consent of the will
It damages a person's relationship with God
Personal sins we do of our own volition; mortal + venial
destroys relationship with God, must go to confession to be freed from this sin.
Must: break 1 of the 10 commandments (serious/grave matter), have full knowledge of wrongdoing, & free will
A less serious offense against the will of God that diminishes one's personal character
weakens/damages but does not rupture one's relationship with God
sorrow for sins and repentance; intention to not do it again
an act of contrition is a prayer genre that expresses sorrow and regret for sinning.
to atone for sins (what the priest tasks you after you have confessed your sins)
forgiveness; pardon; release from mortal sin that a priest can grant you after confession
making someone a priest, bishop or deacon by the sacrament of holy orders
senior member of the clergy, appointed by the Pope, usually for life. papal elector, specific power is to vote for the Pope