psych test 2

emerging adulthood.

A person between the ages of 18 and 25 is entering a stage developmentalists call:

optimal

Generally, early adulthood is characterized by _____ health.

optimally

During emerging adulthood, all body systems function:

may benefit or harm society.

Risk taking during early adulthood can

postformal thought.

A possible fifth stage of cognitive development that characterizes adult thinking is:

stereotype threat.

The possibility that one's appearance or behavior will be misused to confirm another person's oversimplified, prejudiced attitude is referred to as:

in an aging brain

reaction time lengthens

skin

the 1st visible signs of senescence are observed in

menopause

A drop in sex hormones in a woman's bloodstream along with cessation of ovulation and menstruation signals:

fluid

The basic intelligence that makes learning quick and thorough is referred to as _____ intelligence.

fluid intelligence example

the ability to quickly recognize relationships between words

crystalized intelligence example

knowing the chemical symbols for various elements

analytic intelligence involves

abstract planning, focused attention, and verbal and logical skills.

practical

one of sternberg’s 3 forms of intelligence that is sometimes called street smarts

analytic

type of intelligence is usually MOST valued during high school and college?

Assimilation; Accommodation

Jean Piaget's Cognitive Development theory of adaptation used what two mechanisms to incorporate new information?

Temperament

The basic foundation of personality

Personality

A person's consistent pattern of feeling, thinking and behaving

Id, Ego, Superego

the three major unconscious motivators Sigmund Freud believed drove our behaviors

Proximal Development

Vygotsky believed that children developed within this zone, utilizing mentors

Self-actualization

In Humanistic Psychology, Harry Maslow posited that the motivation to develop our innate potential to the fullest possible extent (be all you can be) was called this

information processing

The step-by-step description of the mechanisms of thought (algorithms) (sensory, working, long term memory) is called

Theory of Mind

The ability to take another person's point of view is known as:

Object Permanence

Knowing that an object exists even when it cannot be perceived is

Atttachment

The "Strange Situation" scenario is used by psychologists to determine a child's level of this to the caregiver

secure attachment

A child, whose parents are not stressed by income or have some mental illness has probably developed this type of social bond

Gross, Fine

the two types of motor skills which develop from an infant's reflexes.

All of the devices by which words communicate meaning is

Grammar

Gender Differences

The roles and behaviors prescribed by a culture for males and females are called:

Sex Differences

the biological differences between males and females in their organs, hormones and body shape

gender schema

A child's cognitive concept or general belief about sex differences

pretend play

Children, exploring and rehearsing social roles

warmth, discipline

communication, maturity

four dimensions which characterize parenting styles.

Authoritative

Parents who set limits and enforce rules, but are flexible and listen to their children

Intrinsic

Children, whose drive or reason to pursue a goal comes from inside

habituation

decreased responsiveness toward a stimulus

can harm the development of the fetus

• exposure to racism

• teratogens

• malnutrition

• homelessness

rooting reflex lesson

seek food

schemas

They help us remember, organize, and respond to information.

epigenetics

changes in gene function that are heritable and not due to alterations in the DNA sequence

tonic neck lesson

It helps develop eye-hand coordination.

one to two days

A woman's eggs are normally fertilized within how many days of their maturity

fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

caused by maternal alcohol drinking, that can lead to negative developmental effects

stages of pregnancy

1. ovulation

2. fertilization

3. zygote

4. embryo

5. fetus

monozyoftic twins

same zygote, same genes, identical twins

dizygotic twins

different zygotes, different genes, fraternal twins

umbilical cord

links the embryo (then fetus) directly to the placenta

amniotic sac

the fluid filled reservoir in which the embryo (then fetus) lives until birth

placenta

the organ that allows the exchange of nutrients between the embryo ( then fetus) and the mother

teratogen

substances that can harm the fetus

Embryo

thestatus after the zygote attaches to the uterine wall

ovulation

the process where an egg stored in woman ovaries matures and is released into the fallopian tube

fetus the stage of the embryo from 9 weeks after conception to birth with growth as its defining aspect

the stage of the embryo from 9 weeks after conception to birth with growth as its defining aspect

zygote

a fertilized ovum

conservation

Quan, who has just turned 8 years old, understands that when we pour milk from a tall glass into a wide glass, the amount of milk does not change. Which principle defines this skill?

accommodation

Latanya has previously always called both cats and dogs "dogs." After her mother explains to her that cats and dogs are different, she begins to call cats "cat" and dogs "dog." Which process has Latanya demonstrated?

schemas

They help us remember, organize, and respond to information.

Social identity

reflects the part of our self-concept that is derived from our group memberships

stages of development

1. sensorimotor

2. preoperational

3. concreta operational

4. formal operational

blink reflex

a light is flashed

rooting reflex

baby’s cheek is stroked, the baby turns its head toward stroking and opens its mouth trying to suck

grasp reflex

an object is pressed into the palm of the baby

stepping reflex

the baby is held above a surface and is moved forword

concrete operational

the child bcomes able to think logically

sensorimotor

the child experiences the worlf through the fundamental senses of seeing, hearing, touching, and tasting

formal operational

the adolescent can think systematically and can reason about abstract concepts

preoperational

the child acquires the ability to internally represent the world through language and mental imagery

avoident attachment

ignores the caregiver showing little emotion when the caregiver departs or returns

secure attachment

explores freely while the caregiver is present and engages with the strange situation

disorganized attachment

has no consistent way of coping with the stress of the strange situation

ambivalent attachment

is wary about the situation in general and stays close or even clings to the caregiver

accommodation

the change of an existing schema on the basis of new information

assimilation

incorporating new information into an existing schema

formal operational

the onset of puberty to adulthood

preoperational

2 to 5-7 years

concrete operational

5-7 to the onset of puberty

sensorimotor

birth to about 2 years

self-identity.

A defining aspect of adolescence is the development of a consistent:

factors that play a role in when puberty begins

environment, genetics, and health

impulsive behavior

due to the more slowly developing prefrontal cortex as compared to the limbic system

identity distinctiveness

being more easy going than the people are round you that are also developing

identity coherence

always being outgoing

identity continuity

wants to learn new things

primary sex characteristic

futher ovary development, penis enlargement, testicle enlargement, futher vaginal development, futher uterus development

secondary sex characteristic

pubic hairdevelopment, adams apple enlargemnt, underarm hair development, breast enlargemnt

Circadian rhythm

the day-night cycle of biological activity that occurs approximately every 24 hours

gender schema

A child's cognitive concept or general belief about sex differences i

myelination

The primary reason for faster thinking (speed of thought

self concept

Intelligence, personality, abilities, and gender are all a part of a child's developing

incremental

the path that some children choose that allows them to develop intellectually bit by bit.

part of the brain matures slowly accounting for adolescent impulsivity

prefrontal cortex

part of the brain develops more quickly. 

limbic system

egocentrism

early childhood condition re-emerges in adolescent which cause them to believe they know everything and can do anything.

gender expression

The gender we portray to others is called:

foreclosure

A premature identity formation in which the adolescent adopts parents or society's roles and values wholesale, without questioning

body image

A person's idea of how his/her body looks

three eating disorders

Anorexia, bulimia, binge eating disorder

intuitive thought

The type of thought preferred by teens in which emotion plays a large role

parental monitoring

Parent's ongoing awareness of what their teen is doing and where and with whom they are doing it is

clinical depression

Feelings of hopelessness, lethargy and worthlessness lasting at least two weeks