A&P II Units 1-3 Exam

Bony thorax, Upper vertebral column & lower vertebral column.

The sternal notch is at what vertebral level?

The sternal notch is at what vertebral level?

T2-T3

The sternal angle is at what vertebral level?

T4-T5

What vertebral landmark is ~1.5” above the sternal notch?

T1

What vertebral landmark is 3”-4” below the sternal angle?

T7

In a rib x-ray, how can you tell if the patient is older?

You can see the cartilage is calcified in the ribs

Why do an oblique rib?

It elongates & opens up the shaft/axillary margin of the rib

Label 1-15

1. Manubrium

2. Body/shaft of the 5th rib

3. Sternal angle

4. Costal cartilage of 4th rib

5. Body/shaft of the sternum

6. Rib 12

7. Xiphoid process

8. Manubrial/Sternal/Jugular notch

9. Sternoclavicular articular facet

10. 1st sternocostal joint

11. 4th sternocostal joint

12. 5th costochondral joint

13. True ribs 1-7

14. False ribs 8-12

15. Floating ribs 11 & 12

Label 1-7

1. Vertebral end

2. Head

3. Neck

4. Tubercle

5. Angle

6. Costal groove

7. Body/shaft

Label 1-3

1. Angle of the 6th rib

2. Body/shaft of the 6th rib

3. Sternal end of the 6th rib

Label 1-5

1. Clavicles

2. Manubrium

3. Body/shaft

4. Sternal angle

5. Xiphoid process

Label 1-7

1. Right clavicle

2. Left clavicle

3. Manubrium

4. Sternal/Manubrium/jugular notch

5. Body/shaft

6. Sternal angle

7. Xiphoid process

The bony thorax consists of…

The sternum & 24 ribs

What is the anterior anchor for some ribs and protects the mediastinal structures?

The sternum

Where is the sternoclavicular articular facet?

Lateral to the sternal notch

The sternal angle is?

Fused articulation between body & manubrium about 2" below the sternal notch

How many costal articular facets are there on the right side?

7

How many costal articular facets are there on both the right and left side?

14

What is the xiphoid made of?

cartilage

The xiphoid process sits at what vertebral level?

T9-T10

How many ribs have vertebral articulation?

All 12, posteriorly w/ thoracic spine

How many ribs have sternal articulation?

The first 7

Ribs 1-7 are classified as…

True ribs due to their sternal articulation

Ribs 8-12 are classified as…

False ribs since they do not articulate directly with the sternum

Ribes 11-12 are classified as…

Floating ribs since they do not have any anterior articulation

Vertebral end of the rib contains?

head, neck, tubercle, & angle

What is the costal groove?

On inside for blood vessels and nerves (not radiographically visible)

Sternal end of rib

Costal cartilage (not radiographically visible), 3"-5" inferior to vertebral end

Where are Sternoclavicular Joints located? what is the class & movement?

Between the sternum and clavicles; diarthrodial/gliding

Where are Sternocostal Joints located?

Between the costocartilage of ribs 1-7 and the sternum

Sternocostal Joint 1 class and movement

Synarthrodial/ no movement

Sternocostal Joints 2-7 class and movement

Diarthrodial/ gliding

Where are the costochondral Joints located? What is the class and movement?

Between the bony rib and costocartilage; synarthrodial/no movement

What two ribs do not have a costochondral joint?

Ribs 11 and 12

Where are the costotransverse Joint located? What is the class and movement?

Between the transverse process and tubercle of the rib; diarthrodial/gliding

Where are the costovertebral Joint located? What is the class and movement?

Between the posterior vertebral bodies and head of ribs; diarthrodial/gliding

Where are the Atlanto-axial joint located? What is the class and movement?

Between C-1 and C-2. C-1 rotates around the dens of C-2. Diarthrodial class with two articular points… 1 pivot & 2 gliding

The top of the shoulders is at what vertebral level?

C7

The thyroid cartilage is at what vertebral level?

C5

The angle of mandible is at what vertebral level?

C3

The mastoid tip (behind the ear) is at what vertebral level?

C1

The ear canal is at what vertebral level?

~1” above C1

Cervical #__-__?

C3-C7

Label 1-15

1. Vertebral body

2. Transverse process

3. Superior articular process

4. Vertebral foramen

5. Spinal cord

6. Bifid tip of spinous process

7. Lamina

8. Pedicle

9. Transverse foramen

10. Spinous process

11. Vertebral foramen

12. Transverse process

13. Vertebral body

14. Inferior articular process

15. Articular pillar

Label 1-7

1. Anterior arch

2. Superior articular process

3. Transverse foramen

4. Transverse process

5. Posterior arch

6. Vertebral foramen

7. Lateral masses

C1 vertebrae is known as

Atlas

C2 vertebrae is known as

Axis

Label 8-16

8. Dens (odontoid process)

9. Superior articular process

10. Transverse process

11. Inferior articular process

12. Spinous process

13. Lamina

14. Pedicle

15. Transverse foramen

16. Vertebral body

Label 1-5

1. Dens of C2

2. Vertebral body of C2

3. Lateral mass of C1

4. Inferior articular process of C1

5. Superior articular process of C2

Label 1-9

1. Posterior arch of C1

2. Anterior arch of C1

3. Body of C2

4. Dens (odontoid) of C2

5. Superior articular process of C4

6. Inferior articular process of C4

7. Articular pillar of C4

8. Spinous process of C5

9. Body of T1

Label 1-5

1. 1st rib

2. T1

3. Spinous process of C7

4. Vertebral body

5. Transverse process

Label 1-11

1. Lateral mass

2. Odontoid process (dens)

3. Superior articular process

4. Anterior arch

5. Transverse foramen

6. Transverse process

7. Inferior articular process

8. Superior articular process

9. Transverse process

10. Vertebral body

11. Inferior articular process of C2

Label 1-8

1. Dens (Odointoid process)

2. Superior articular surface

3. Transverse foramen

4. Vertebral body

5. Transverse process

6. Inferior articular surface

7. Lamina

8. Spinous process

Facets for rib articulations are at?

Posterior vertebral bodies and transverse processes

What joint is the top arrow pointing to?

Costotransverse joint

What joint is the bottom arrow pointing to?

Costovertebral joint

Label 1-9

1. Vertebral body

2. Vertebral foramen

3. Transverse process

4. Lamina

5. Spinous process

6. Costotransverse facet

7. Superior articular process

8. Pedicle

9. Costovertebral facet

Label 10-20

10. Spinous process

11. Inferior articular processs

12. Costotransverse facet

13. Transverse process

14. Superior articular process

15. Superior vertebral notch

16. Superior costovertebral facet

17. Vertebral body

18. Pedicle

19. Inferior costovertebral facet

20. Inferior vertebral notch

Label 1-7

1. Vertebral body

2. Spinous process

3. Posterior rib

4. Transverse process

5. Pedicle

6. Superior articular process

7. Inferior articular process

Label 1-4

1. Vertebral body

2. Pedicle

3. Posterior ribs

4. Spinous processes

Label 1-5

1. Humerus

2. Clavicles

3. 1st rib

4. Body of T1

5. Body of C7

Label 1-6

1. Humerus

2. Clavicles

3. 1st rib

4. Body of T1

5. Body of T2

6. Body of C7

How would you describe lumbar vertebral bodies?

Larger than thoracic and cervical, they bears all the weight

The spinous process of the lumbar vertebra are?

Large and rounded

The lamina of the lumbar vertebra contains?

Pars interarticularis, which bridges the superior and inferior articular processes

Label 1-7

1. Vertebral body

2. Vertebral foramen

3. Transverse process

4. Superior articular process

5. Spinous process

6. Lamina (Pars interarticularis)

7. Pedicle

Label 8-16

8. Vertebral body

9. Pedicle

10. Inferior vertebral notch

11. Superior vertebral notch

12. Superior articular process

13. Transverse process

14. Inferior articular processs

15. Lamina (Pars interarticularis)

16. Spinous process

Label 1-4

1. 12th posterior rib

2. T12

3. L1

4. L5

Label 1-6

1. Vertebral body

2. Transverse process

3. Spinous process

4. Superior articular process

5. Inferior articular process

6. Pedicle

Label 1-4

1. L5

2. L1

3. 12th rib

4. Vertebral body of T12

Label 1-5

1. Vertebral body

2. Pedicle

3. Superior articular process

4. Inferior articular process

5. Spinous process

What are Intervertebral Foramina?

the openings behind vertebral bodies, formed by superior & inferior vertebral notches that allow nerve roots to exit the spinal canal

Intervertebral foramina are best seen on..?

Lateral lumbar x-rays

What are zygapophyseal (facet) Joints?

the articulations formed between the superior and inferior processes

What is the class and movement of zygopaphyseal (facet) joints?

Diarthrodial & gliding

Zygapophysial joints are demonstrated on…?

Oblique lumbar spine positions

"Scotty dogs" represent the detailed anatomy of the…

Zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine demonstrated on oblique radiographs

Label 1-6

1. Ear: Superior articular process

2. Nose: Transverse process

3. Eye: Pedicle

4. Leg: Inferior articular process

5. Neck: Pars interarticulais

6. Zygapophyseal joint

Label what type of vertebra left to right

Left: Cervical
Middle: Thoracic

Right: Lumbar

The body (S1) of the sacrum attaches to?

L5

Does the sacrum have an inferior articular process?

No

Where are Intervertebral Joints located? What is the class & movement?

Between the vertebral bodies, amphiarthrodial class, limited movement (slight expansion and contraction but no free movement)

Intervertebral Joints consists of?

Inner "gelatin-like" nucleus pulposus surrounded by cartilage rings of annulus fibrosus

The wing (ala) of the sacrum articulates with?

the ilium to form the S.I. joint

Thoracic zygapophyseal joints are best seen on?

70 degree oblique (RPO) T-spine

Cervical zygapophyseal joints are best seen on?

Lateral C-spine

Is the articular surface of the sacrum anterior or posterior?

Posterior

What is the sacral foramina?

4 pairs between each fused sacral segment for blood vessel & nerve transmission

How many fused segments does the coccyx have?

4 fused segments

What part of the sacrum body protrudes anteriorly & supports the body of L-5?

The sacral promontory

What is the sacral crest?

The fused spinous processes of the posterior sacrum

What are the paired projections on the posterior sacrum on each side of the sacral hiatus?

Cornu (Horn)

What does the sacrum and coccyx both have?

Left and right coccyx horns

Where are the transverse processes located on the coccyx?

Laterally off the base of the coccyx

What is the sacral canal?

It is the continuation of the vertebral canal for spinal nerves

The apex is what part of the coccyx?

The inferior tip

The sacral canal ends at…

the sacral hiatus (NOT present in coccyx)

Label 1-7

1. Base of the sacrum

2. Body of the sacrum

3. Sacral foramina

4. Apex of sacrum

5. Base of the coccyx

6. Transverse process

7. Apex of coccyx

Label 8-14

8. Superior articular process

9. Vertebral canal

10. Articular surface of wing/ ala

11. Sacral crest

12. Sacral hiatus

13. Cornu (horn) of sacrum

14. Cornu (horn) of coccyx

Label 1-8

1. Superior articular process

2. Body (base)

3. Sacral promontory

4. Articular surface of wing/ ala

5. Sacral crest

6. Coccyx

7. Cornu (horn) of sacrum

8. Cornu (horn) of coccyx

Label 1-7

1. L5

2. Base of sacrum

3. Superior articular process

4. Wing/ ala

5. Sacral foramina

6. Apex of sacrum

7. Coccyx (base)