Chapter 4 Population: World Patterns, Regional Trends

Population geography

provides the background concepts and theories to understand and forecast the size, composition, and distribution of the human population

Demography

the statistical study of the human population, is concerned with spatial analysis—location, density, pattern, and relationship to the physical environment.

2017

the population hit 7.5 billion and added an extra 230,000 thousand humans a day

Rates

record the frequency of occurrence of an event during a given time frame for a designated population

Cohort

population group unified by a specified temporal characteristic—the age cohort of 0–4 years, perhaps, or the college class of 2025

Crude birth rate (CBR)

referred to simply as the birth rate, is the annual number of live births per 1,000 population

Total fertility rate (TFR)

more refined and thus more accurate measure for showing the rate and probability of reproduction among fertile females, the only segment of population capable of bearing children

Crude death rate (CDR)

also called the mortality rate, is calculated in the same way as the CBR: the annual number of events per 1,000 population

Infant mortality rate

significant because that is where the greatest declines in mortality have occurred

Population pyramid

powerful means of visualizing and comparing a population’s age and sex composition

Change in population

occurs when someone is born, migrates or dies

Pf

Pi + births + in-migration - deaths - out-migration

Physiological density

provides a measure of the population pressure exerted on agricultural land

Agricultural density

excludes city populations from the physiological density calculation and reports the number of rural residents per unit of agriculturally productive land

Overpopulation

situation in which an environment or territory cannot support its present population and involves many factors other than just population density