Grade 7 Math GMAS Vocabulary

Flashcards covering key vocabulary from Grade 7 Math GMAS for review and practice.

Rational Number

A number that can be expressed as the quotient or fraction of two integers.

Absolute Value

The distance of a number from zero on the number line, regardless of direction.

Opposite Numbers

Two numbers that are the same distance from zero but in opposite directions.

Distributive Property

a(b + c) = ab + ac; a term can be multiplied by a sum by distributing it to each term.

Commutative Property

The order in which two numbers are added or multiplied does not change the sum or product.

Associative Property

The way numbers are grouped in addition or multiplication does not change the result.

Identity Property

Adding zero to a number does not change the number, or multiplying a number by one does not change the number.

Inverse Property

For addition, the inverse is the additive inverse; for multiplication, the inverse is the multiplicative inverse.

Additive Inverse

A number that, when added to a given number, results in zero.

Multiplicative Inverse

A number that, when multiplied by a given number, results in one.

Repeating decimal

A decimal that continues infinitely with a repeating pattern of digits.

Terminating decimal

A decimal that has a finite number of digits.

Coefficient

A numerical factor in a term of an algebraic expression.

Variable

A symbol used to represent a number that can change.

Expression

A mathematical phrase that can contain numbers, variables, and operators.

Equation

A mathematical statement that asserts the equality of two expressions.

Algebraic solution

Solving equations or inequalities that involve variables and algebraic expressions.

Arithmetic solution

Solving numerical problems using basic arithmetic operations.

Inequality

A mathematical sentence that compares two expressions, showing that one is less than, greater than, or not equal to the other.

Ratio

A comparison of two quantities by division.

Unit Rate

A ratio that compares a quantity to one unit of another quantity.

Proportion

An equation that states that two ratios are equal.

Constant of proportionality

The constant factor that relates two proportional quantities.

Proportional relationship

A relationship in which two quantities vary directly with one another.

Percentage

A fraction or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100.

Scale factor

The ratio of the size of a model or drawing to the actual size.

Scale drawing

A drawing that represents an object proportionally to its actual size.

Angle

The figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle, sharing a common endpoint.

Parallel lines

Lines in a plane that never meet; they are always the same distance apart.

Perpendicular lines

Lines that intersect at a right angle (90 degrees).

Number of sides

The total count of edges in a geometric shape.

Lengths of sides

The measurements of the edges of a geometric shape.

Vertex

The point where two or more lines meet; a corner.

Cross section

The intersection of a solid and a plane.

Area

The amount of space inside a two-dimensional shape.

Area of a Rectangle

Length multiplied by width.

Area of a Triangle

One-half the base times the height.

Area of a Circle

Pi times the radius squared.

Circumference of a Circle

The distance around the circle; calculated as 2 times pi times the radius.

Supplementary angles

Two angles that add up to 180 degrees.

Complementary angle

Two angles that add up to 90 degrees.

Vertical angles

Angles opposite each other when two lines intersect; they are equal.

Adjacent angles

Two angles that share a common side and vertex.

Surface area

The total area of the surface of a three-dimensional object.

Volume

The amount of space occupied by a three-dimensional object.

Probability

A measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.

Probability model

A mathematical representation of a random phenomenon.

Experimental probability

The probability determined by conducting an experiment.

Theoretical probability

The probability determined by reasoning or calculation based on possible outcomes.