Photosynthesis
plants need four things to grow, these are, sunlight, soil, water, and carbon dioxide
The word equation for photosynthesis is carbon dioxide + water → (light) glucose + energy
The symbol equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H20 → (light) C6H12O6 + 6O2
photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction as it takes energy from its surroundings
Energy is stored as chemical energy within glucose molecules to be used later
photosynthesis takes placed in the chloroplast, chloroplast contains chlorophyll which makes the leaf green chlorophyll absorbs light energy
The adapt For photosynthesis are:
then leaves have a smaller diffusion distance so more diffusion takes place
broad leaves have large surface area so it can absorb more sunlight
chloroplast are filled with chlorophyll so it can absorb more light energy for photosynthesis
Xylem supply water phloem remove sugars
airspaces and spongy mesophyll allow carbon dioxide to come in to close contact with cells
guard cells open and close the stomata to regulate gas exchange and water loss
We use glucose for
Cellulose - cell walls
Respiration - release energy
Oils and fats - seeds
Proteins - growth
Starch - storage molecule
we use the antonym CROPS to remember this
TESTING LEAVES FOR STARCH
Leaf from a plants kept in the dark tested with iodine. The iodine did not turn black meaning there’s no photosynthesis due to no light.
Leaf from a plant kept in the light tested with iodine that iodine turned black meaning photosynthesis took place and glucose was produced forming starch
LIMITING FACTORS
A limiting factor affects the rate of photosynthesis which prevents the optimum rate being achieved
light intensity, temperature, concentration of carbon dioxide, amount of chlorophyll are the full limiting factors of photosynthesise
as light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis also increases however as light intensity increases too much photosynthesis plateaus
as carbon dioxide increases rate a photosynthesis also increases as carbon dioxide increases too much rate of photosynthesis plateaus
as temperature increases rate of photosynthesis also increases however when reaches optimum temperature photosynthesis rapidly decreases
independent variable is the thing we change each time in order to see an effect
dependent variable is a thing we measure in order to see if the independent has an effect
Control variable is what we keep the same
HIGHER TIER ONLY
the inverse square law is:
light intensity (directionally proportional) 1/distance squared
therefore more light intensity, more photosynthesis
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
aerobic respiration uses air
The word equation for aerobic respiration is
oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water (+energy)
keep in mind energy is released not produced
on average us humans breathe in 21% of oxygen and breathe out 19% of it
on average us humans breathe in 0.04% of carbon dioxide and breathe out 2% of it
we use the energy for:
digestion
temperature
Muscle contractions
Making large molecules
Growth
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Anaerobic respiration does not require air
anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid instead of carbon dioxide and water not releasing as much energy therefore is it less efficient then aerobic respiration.
after exercise the heart pumps faster in order to give oxygen to the muscles therefore we breathe quicker and deeper to complete more aerobic respiration to produce oxygen for the muscles and throughout the blood
OXYGEN DEBT
oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen needed by the body after exercise to breakdown lactic
explaining why we continue to breathe heavily after intense exercise
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION IN YEAST
glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide
plants need four things to grow, these are, sunlight, soil, water, and carbon dioxide
The word equation for photosynthesis is carbon dioxide + water → (light) glucose + energy
The symbol equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H20 → (light) C6H12O6 + 6O2
photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction as it takes energy from its surroundings
Energy is stored as chemical energy within glucose molecules to be used later
photosynthesis takes placed in the chloroplast, chloroplast contains chlorophyll which makes the leaf green chlorophyll absorbs light energy
The adapt For photosynthesis are:
then leaves have a smaller diffusion distance so more diffusion takes place
broad leaves have large surface area so it can absorb more sunlight
chloroplast are filled with chlorophyll so it can absorb more light energy for photosynthesis
Xylem supply water phloem remove sugars
airspaces and spongy mesophyll allow carbon dioxide to come in to close contact with cells
guard cells open and close the stomata to regulate gas exchange and water loss
We use glucose for
Cellulose - cell walls
Respiration - release energy
Oils and fats - seeds
Proteins - growth
Starch - storage molecule
we use the antonym CROPS to remember this
TESTING LEAVES FOR STARCH
Leaf from a plants kept in the dark tested with iodine. The iodine did not turn black meaning there’s no photosynthesis due to no light.
Leaf from a plant kept in the light tested with iodine that iodine turned black meaning photosynthesis took place and glucose was produced forming starch
LIMITING FACTORS
A limiting factor affects the rate of photosynthesis which prevents the optimum rate being achieved
light intensity, temperature, concentration of carbon dioxide, amount of chlorophyll are the full limiting factors of photosynthesise
as light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis also increases however as light intensity increases too much photosynthesis plateaus
as carbon dioxide increases rate a photosynthesis also increases as carbon dioxide increases too much rate of photosynthesis plateaus
as temperature increases rate of photosynthesis also increases however when reaches optimum temperature photosynthesis rapidly decreases
independent variable is the thing we change each time in order to see an effect
dependent variable is a thing we measure in order to see if the independent has an effect
Control variable is what we keep the same
HIGHER TIER ONLY
the inverse square law is:
light intensity (directionally proportional) 1/distance squared
therefore more light intensity, more photosynthesis
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
aerobic respiration uses air
The word equation for aerobic respiration is
oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water (+energy)
keep in mind energy is released not produced
on average us humans breathe in 21% of oxygen and breathe out 19% of it
on average us humans breathe in 0.04% of carbon dioxide and breathe out 2% of it
we use the energy for:
digestion
temperature
Muscle contractions
Making large molecules
Growth
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Anaerobic respiration does not require air
anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid instead of carbon dioxide and water not releasing as much energy therefore is it less efficient then aerobic respiration.
after exercise the heart pumps faster in order to give oxygen to the muscles therefore we breathe quicker and deeper to complete more aerobic respiration to produce oxygen for the muscles and throughout the blood
OXYGEN DEBT
oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen needed by the body after exercise to breakdown lactic
explaining why we continue to breathe heavily after intense exercise
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION IN YEAST
glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide
