Intro + BMI

what three things does healthy eating focus on?

a balanced diet, calorie intake, and getting enough essential nutrients

what is energy balance?

calories taken in from food vs calories the body uses

how many kcal does each nutrient provide?

• carbs + protein - 4 cals

• fat = 9 cals

what is total daily energy intake?

the total calories consumed in a day

what is total daily energy expenditure?

all the calories the body uses in a day for metabolism, movement, and digestion

why are unintentional weight changes important?

they can signal an underlying health problem

what health issue can unintentional weight loss point to?

hyerthyroidism

what health issues can unintentional weight gain point to?

congestive heart failure, liver disease

what should the nurse monitor when weight changes unexpectedly?

daily weight and abdominal measurements

what is basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

calories needed at rest after fasting to keep vital body functions going

who usually has a higher BMR, men or women?

men, because they usually have more muscle mass

which factors increase BMR? (need more calories)

• growth (babies, pregnancy)

• infection

• fever

• emotional stress

• extreme heat or cold

• high thyroid hormones

which factors decrease BMR? (need less calories)

• aging

• prolonged fasting or starvation

• sleep

how can severe fasting affect BMR and weight loss?

it can slow BMR and make weight loss harder

what is body mass index (BMI)?

a number from height and weight that estimates body fat and weight status

what is the formula for BMI in metric?

weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m2)

what adult BMI is underweight?

less than 18.5

what adult BMI range is normal weight?

18.5-24.9

what adult BMI range is overweight?

25-29.9

what adult BMI range is obesity class I?

30-34.9

what adult BMI range is obesity class II?

35-39.9

what adult BMI value is extreme obesity class III?

40 or higher

what waist circumference in men increases disease risk?

more than 40 inches

what waist circumference in women increases disease risk?

more than 35 inches

in overweight adults, how is risk with a normal waist?

increased

in overweight adults, how is risk with a large waist?

high

for adults with obesity class I and a normal waist, how is risk?

high

for adults with obesity class I and a large waist, how is risk?

very high

for adults with obesity class II, how is risk?

very high

for adults with extreme obesity class III, how is risk?

extremely high