Disorders of Childhood and AdolescenceUntitled Flashcards Set

Intelligence

A wide range of mental activities including logical reasoning, practical intelligence, ability in learning, and verbal skills.

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

A total score obtained from standardized tests designed to evaluate human intelligence.

Specific Learning Disorder

A classification of disorders characterized by difficulty learning in a typical manner within specific domains.

Dyslexia

The most common learning disability affecting reading, with 70%-80% of students with specific learning disabilities affected.

Dyscalculia

A math-related disability characterized by difficulties in learning math concepts, organizing numbers, and understanding problems.

Dysgraphia

A writing disorder that includes deficiencies in grammar, punctuation, paragraph organization, spelling, and poor penmanship.

Intellectual Development Disorder (IDD)

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning.

Down Syndrome

The most common chromosomal cause of intellectual disabilities, resulting from an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Fragile X Syndrome

The most common genetic cause of intellectual disabilities, resulting from a mutation on the FMR1 gene.

Enuresis

The involuntary voiding of urine into bed or clothing in children who are at least five years old.

Encopresis

The voluntary or involuntary passage of feces into inappropriate places in children at least four years old.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

Defined as a pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness in children.

Conduct Disorder (CD)

A mental disorder diagnosed in childhood marked by a persistent pattern of behavior violating the rights of others.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A disorder characterized by excessive levels of activity and distractibility, often diagnosed in childhood.

Social Anxiety Disorder

A marked fear of social situations that may cause embarrassment, often leading to avoidance behaviors.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, characterized by flashbacks and avoidance.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A developmental disorder characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication, and restrictive, repetitive behaviors.

Intellectual Disability

Significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, beginning before age 18.

Speech Sound Disorder

A communication disorder involving difficulties with pronunciation and articulation of speech.

Childhood-onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)

A communication disorder where the fluency and rhythm of speech are interrupted.

Syndromic Intellectual Development Disorder

Intellectual deficits associated with other medical and behavioral symptoms.

Non-Syndromic Intellectual Development Disorder

Intellectual deficits that appear without other accompanying abnormalities.