exam 1: molecular bio

Hydroxyl (polar or nonpolar)

-OH Polar

Carbonyl (polar or nonpolar)

-CO Polar

Carboxyl (polar or nonpolar)

-COOH Polar

Amino (polar or nonpolar)

-NH2 Polar

Sulfhydryl (polar or nonpolar)

-SH Polar

Phosphate (polar or nonpolar)

-PO4 Polar

Methyl (polar or nonpolar)

-CH4 nonpolar

Polar

monomers are linked by

covalent bonds

hydrocarbons have this kind of bond

nonpolar covalent bonds

polypeptide are linked by

peptide bonds

peptide bonds are _______ bonds between amino acids

covalent

what bond is the primary structure based on

covalent bond between carboxy and amino acid

what bond is the secondary structure based on

hydrogen bond between carboxyl oxygen and amino hydrogens

what bonds make the alpha helix

hydrogen bonds

what bonds make the beta sheet

Hydrogen bonds between carboxyl oxygen and amino hydrogens

what bond is the tertiary structure based on

hydrogen, ionic, hydrophobic, disulfide bridges

If two Non Polar Hydrophobic Amino Acids, and the R groups are close enough they will interact by

Van Der Waals interactions

Hydrophobic interactions

If you have two Polar Hydrophilic Amino Acids, and the R groups are close enough they will interact by

Hydrogen Bonds

If you have two charged Amino Acids and the R-groups are close, they interact by

Ionic Bonds (only different charges)

what bonds monosaccharides to make disaccharides or polysaccharides

glycosidic bonds

what bonds link fatty acids to glycerol

ester bonds

saturated fats have a _____ bond

single covalent

unsaturated fats have a ______ bond

double covalent

If a pentose sugar has an H it is

deoxyribose

If a pentose sugar has an OH it is

ribose

Adenine pairs with

Thymine

Thymine pairs with

Adenine

Guanine pairs with

Cytosine

Cytosine pairs with

Gaunine

In RNA Adenine pairs with

Uracil

when nucleotides come together they form

polynucleotide

polynucleotides are linked by

Phosphodiester linkage

When the carbonyl group is found on the end of the carbon skeleton

aldehyde

When the carbonyl group is found within the carbon skeleton

ketones

this functional group makes the the molecule negatively charged

carboxyl and phosphate

this functional group makes the the molecule positively charged

amino