Studied by 33 people
main conflict in Job's story is between
God and Satan
the 4 parts of Jobs story
prologue, symposium, God's reply, and epilogue
theme of Job
Why do good people suffer when the wicked seemingly escape suffering and are permitted to live their lives without penalty and have comfort and security
possible authorship of Job
Job, Elihu, Moses, and Solomon
content of God's speech to Job
doesn't tell him why; describes universal beauties; questions how Job could be a critic; man may not understand the purposes of God
what Job lost and gained
lost- children, wealth, and health gained- wisdom and more faith
indirect and direct causes of the Trojan war
indirect: tossing of the golden apple by Eris into gathering at feast; choosing by Paris of Aphrodite as beautiful goddess; compact of suitors of Helen direct: running away of Helen with Paris to Troy (away from Menelaus—her husband)
location of the Trojan war (today)
Troy ( in Turkey) near Helespoint (Dardanelles)
How many combarants came to Troy
Trojans and Greeks and neighboring groups of people
period of preparation
1 or more years
extent of preparation
1,000 ships and 100,000 men
duration of war
10 years
winner
Greeks
reason for victory
the will of gods for Greeks to win
means of victory
the Trojan horse stratagem executed by the Greeks under the direction/leadership of Odysseus. They built a wooden horse and left it outside the gates of Troy, as an offering to the gods, while they pretend to give up the battle and sail away.
instances of divine intervention
Greek god intervention- Athena, Hephatus, Hera, Poseidon, Thetis Trojan- Aphrodite, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Zeus
principle characters of the war and why they were on the side they are on
Greeks- Achilles, Agamemnon, Antilochus, Briseis, Diomedes, Ajax, Menelas, Nestor, Odysseus, Patroclus, Phoenix Trojans- Hector, Priam, Hecuba, Andromache, Astyanax, Helen, Paris, Polydamus
how did Hephaestus help in the war against Troy
built Achilles armour/shield
which gods and mortals functioned as messengers in the Iliad
Hermes
what is the importance of preparing a body for burial after death
burn them out of respect and to get their spirit safely to the underworld
why did apollo abandon help Hector in the battle against Achilles
he knew Hector was fated to die at Achilles hand
what person the Greeks left behind to tell the lie to the Trojans
Sinon
the Greek and Trojan attitude toward Helen
Greeks- hated her because she was a trader Trojans- loved her because she gave them information about the Greeks
Helen was product of rape
by Zeus
grasping of the knees is used for what purpose in The Iliad
asking and begging for a favor
the 2 poles of the human condition are
war and peace
epic
long, narrative poem which has characters of high position in a series of adventures which connect by a hero
epic formula
invokes a muse, states a theme, begins in medias res, contains long/formal speeches, uses catalogues, uses epic similes, uses epithets, uses repetition
epic characteristics
The hero is a person of heroic stature, national or international importance and great historical (or legendary) significance.
The action concerns deeds of great valor or requiring superhuman courage.
The setting is vast, covering great nations, the world, or the universe.
Supernatural forces (such as gods, angels, or demons) interest themselves in the action and intervene from time to time.
The writing style presents itself with sustained elevation and grand simplicity.
The epic poet recounts the deeds of his heroes with objectivity.
The battle in the epic is always a crucial one which decides the outcome of the war.
epic conventions
poet invokes a muse, opens by stating a theme, opens in medias res (middle), gives extended formal speeches, elaborate epic similes, uses epithets, gives long lists "catalogs" repetition of words/phrases
shield of Achilles symbolic of what
war and peace
fashioned by whom
Hephaestus
appearance of the shield
made of bronze, tin, silver, and gold; has pictures of earth, sky, sea's water, dun, moon, and constellations, two cities on it representing war and peace
Dionysus
god of wine and fertility
tragedy
a sad play
tragedy definition
goat song from the Greeks words tragos and ode
dithyrambs
choral hymns which took the form of chants, songs, and poems to worship Dionysus
Thespis
Athenian citizen who traveled organizing local festivals of celebration for Dionysus (1st actor)
3 great Greek playwrights
Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides
satyr plays
largely comic relief from tragedies
tetralogy
consisted of 3 tragedies and a styr play
archon
ruler, leader, chief, mayor
choregos
wealthy Athenian citizen who paid the costs of theatrical productions at festivals
goat
reward for the best playwright if the best tragedy
skin of wine and basket of figs
the reward for the playwright of the best satyr play
remaining tragedies
33 tragedies, 11 comedies, and 1 satyr play
seating order
1st row—seats of honor (city officials, choragus) 2nd row—male citizens (also special section for ephebi) 2 sections above—for women very top—slaves/prisoners
theatron
the area where the audience sits
choragus
priest of Dionysus
ephebi
18 year old male who is enrolled in military training
orchestra
was at ground level, enclosed on 3 sides by the U-shaped theatron
thymele
altar to Dionysus in center of orchestra (an altar to Dionysus)
parados
entrance passages to the right or left of the theatron
skene
scene building
prisim
a 3-sided primitive form of scenery
eccyclema
wheeled platform which rolled out of the scene building to reveal a multitude of things which had taken place indoors
dues ex machina
god from machine
costumes
--worn during plays—usually had long sleeves and eye-catching belts worn above waist to show stature, colors could be used to depict a characters emotional state, the tragic hero was set apart by gloves, body padding, and high-heeled buskins, known as cothurnus boots
cothurnus boots
high-heeled buskins (added height and significance to tragic hero)
masks-2 purposes
exaggerated emotion(with painted faces) abd amplified sound (had small megaphones built in)
hypocrites
actors (all male)
choreuti
chorus members (all male)
structure of drama
Prologue-opening scene, background established (few actors)
Parados- entrance of the chorus, usually by chanted lyric, related to main theme
Episode-like modern acts—plot
Stasimon-choral ode, comes at the end of each episode
Exodos-final action, ceremonial exit of all players
no violence ever SHOWN on
a Greek stage
tragedy matured during
5th century BC
held in amphitheaters
plays
contributions of Aeschylus
added second actor to stage
contributions of Sophocles
introduced painted scenery; was most popular of the 3 great, Greek playwrights;
contributions of Euripides
(not as popular in his own day); dues ex machine
tragic hero
man of noble stature, usually a prince or king,
tragic flaw
error of judgement at a flaw in a character, Despite all his great qualities, he is afflicted with some fault of character such as ambition, quickness to anger, a tendency to jealousy, or excessive pride, this flaw in his character will be his downfall.
pity and fear
the tragic hero is made to fill the watchers with this
discovery
tragic fall will fill the gain in self-knowledge or the change from ignorance to knowledge
catharsis
emotional release at the end of the play
the 3 unities
time, place, and action
Oedipus The King: meaning of the play;
man's confidence in himself was worth nothing if he abandoned his belief in the gods
conflict of Oedipus
ignorance versus knowledge; Oedipus realized what he did was done in ignorance. That was why he could recover. He acquired that knowledge by terrible suffering. He became the living proof of the divine sovereignty of the gods.
setting of Oedipus
Ancient Greece- Thebes
who were the real foster parents of Oedipus
Foster: Polybus & Merope Real: Laius (who he killed) & Jocasta
what two people does Oedipus accuse of plotting against him
Creon and Tiresias
Medea: know golden fleece story about Jason and his Argonauts
they searched for it and found it in the foreign land of Colchis, where they had to overcome a serpent, bulls, dragon, and warriors. it was here that Jason met Medea and with Aphrodite's power fell in love with her
setting of Medea
Corinth, Jason's home
dues ex machina
(god from machine) complicated plots used by Euripides
Aegeas' visit to Medea causes her to realize what
how important fatherhood is to a man
what does the line mean that King Creon speaks when he asks Medea, "what difference could one day make?"
he was going to allow her one more day to prepare for her and her children's exile, it is ironic because with that one more day she actually ended up murdering him, his daughter, and his step grandchildren
Dramatic irony in Job
Readers know why Job is facing trials, but Job does not
Significance of Job's wife in the story
His wife was taken/died???
12 Olympians
Zeus - god of the sky Hera - goddess of marriage Poseidon - god of the sea Hestia- Goddess of home and hearth Athena - Goddess of wisdom and warfare Apollo - god of the silver bow Artemis - Goddess of the hunt and childbirth Hephaestus - God of Fire Aphrodite - Goddess of love and beauty Hermes - god of roads and doorways Ares - God of war Demeter - goddess of the harvest
Zeus
God of the Sky,
Hera
Goddess of marriage
Posiedon
God of the sea
Hestia
Goddess of hearth and home
Athena
Goddess of wisdom and warfare
Apollo
God of light and the silver bow
Artemis
Goddess of the hunt and childbirth
Hephestus
God of fire
Aphrodite
goddess of love and beauty
Hermes
God of commerce, roads and railways
Ares
God of war
Demeter
Goddess of fertility and the harvest
