pattern recognition receptors - PPRs that monitor a cells surrounding

What are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and where are they located on sentinel cells?

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on sentinel cells, such as phagocytes and cells lining blood vessels, are anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane, allowing the cells to detect invaders in the surrounding environment.

What are toll-like receptors (TLRs) and how many have been described in humans?

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-characterized PRRs, with at least 10 described in humans.

How many toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been described in humans?

Some TLRs are located on the cell surface, while others are found in endosomes and phagosomes. Each TLR recognizes distinct compounds associated with microbes

What do TLRs anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane generally detect?

TLRs anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane generally detect components of the outermost layers of microbial cells, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoproteins, and flagellin.

What are C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)?

C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are another group of PRRs that monitor the cell's surroundings. Membrane-anchored

What do C-type lectin receptors bind to?

CLRs bind to certain carbohydrate molecules often found on the surface of microorganisms.

How do dendritic cells gather information about invaders they encounter?

Dendritic cells have both toll-like receptors (TLRs) and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), allowing them to gather information about invaders they encounter. They then pass that information on to cells of the adaptive immune response, helping to shape that response.