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All vertebrates have?
An endoskeleton to help retain shape and form
What is the Skeletal system composed of?
all of the bones and joints of the body
What are the functions of an endoskeleton?
Provides support and form
A lever system from attachments of muscles
Protects inner organs
Stores minerals (calcium, phosphorus)
Produces RBC’s and WBC’s in Red Marrow
Stores fat in Yellow Marrow
Each bone is a… that is made up of../
complex living organ
cells, protein fibers and minerals
What does cartilage do?
cushions and protects joints
allows them to move
What are myofibrils?
contractile elements of the muscle cells
What happens to cartilage during growth?
it changes to bone as calcium and phosphorus are added
What does Osteocytes do?
regulate the amount of calcium stored and released from bones
What do Calcium Salts do?
like a shell that gives the bones its strength and protection
What are Haversian Canals and what do they do?
passage that runs through bones
contains blood vessels and nerves
carries oxygen and nutrients to bone & removes wastes
What is the Periosteum and what does it do?
tough membrane on the outer surface of bones
Contains blood vessels and nerves that enter the bone
Makes new bone for growth and repair
Site for muscle and bone attachments
What are the Types of Bones
Compact Bone and Spongy Bone
What is the Compact Bone? that is.. Where’s it found?
A thick layer beneath the periosteum
Very dense, strong
Found in the outer layer and ends of the bone
Where and What is the Spongy Bone?
Beneath the layer of compact bone
Is not soft but spongy. Very strong
Contains bone marrow
What does the spongy bone add ?
adds strength without adding mass
Red bone marrow (Where’s it found?)
in the spongy bone, the ends of long bones, ribs, vertebrae, the sternum, pelvis
Yellow Bone Marrow Where’s it found?
In most bones but mostly the shafts of long
What does red bone marrow produce?
RBC’s (erythrocytes) and WBC’s (lymphocytes), and platelets
What consists of Yellow bone marrow?
fat cells
What is Yellow Bone marrow?
an energy reserve
can convert to red bone marrow and produce blood cells during severe blood loss
Classification of Bones
Long
bones in the legs
Short
bones in the hands
Flat
bones in the skull
irregular
vertebrae bones
How many bones are in the skeleton?
206
What are the 2 parts to the skeleton
Axial - skull, vertebrae, ribs & sternum
Appendicular - arm & leg bones, pectoral, pelvic girdles
What is the main function of the cranium?
Holds and protects the brain
name the two types of bone found in the skull
facial and jaw bones
what is the spinal column composed of
vertebrae
How vertebrae are there in the body?
33 bones
What is the primary function of the vertebrae
works as a shock absorber
What allows for flexibility of the spine?
Discs of cartilage
What is the thoracic cavity and what does it protect?
It is the space in the chest
protects and supports heart, lungs
What bones form the thoracic cavity?
Ribs and sternum
What is the function of the pectoral girdle?
connects arms to spine
Name two bones that make up the pectoral girdle
Scapula (shoulder blades) and clavicle (collar bones)
What is the function of the pelvic girdle?
connects legs to spine
Name the bone that forms the pelvis.
hip bones
What is the largest bone in the human body?
Femur
What is the kneecap called?
patella
Name the two bones that form the lower leg.
Fibula, tibia
How are joints classified?
by the movement they allow
What type of joint is immoveable?
suture
Give an example of a suture joint.
bones in skull and pelvis
What type of joint is slightly movable?
cartilaginous
Give an example of a cartilaginous joint.
vertebrae
What type of joint is freely movable?
synovial
What is a synovial joint enclosed within?
fibrous capsule
What fluid lubricates synovial joints?
synovial fluid
Name four types of synovial joints.
Ball and socket
Hinge
Pivot
Saddle
Note 
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