FC The Skeletal System

All vertebrates have?

An endoskeleton to help retain shape and form

What is the Skeletal system composed of?

• all of the bones and joints of the body

What are the functions of an endoskeleton?

1. Provides support and form

2. A lever system from attachments of muscles

3. Protects inner organs

4. Stores minerals (calcium, phosphorus)

5. Produces RBC’s and WBC’s in Red Marrow

6. Stores fat in Yellow Marrow

Each bone is a… that is made up of../

complex living organ
cells, protein fibers and minerals

What does cartilage do?

• cushions and protects joints

• allows them to move

What are myofibrils?

contractile elements of the muscle cells

What happens to cartilage during growth?

it changes to bone as calcium and phosphorus are added

What does Osteocytes do?

regulate the amount of calcium stored and released from bones

What do Calcium Salts do?

like a shell that gives the bones its strength and protection

What are Haversian Canals and what do they do?

• passage that runs through bones
  contains blood vessels and nerves

  • carries oxygen and nutrients to bone & removes wastes

What is the Periosteum and what does it do?

tough membrane on the outer surface of bones

1. Contains blood vessels and nerves that enter the bone

2. Makes new bone for growth and repair

3. Site for muscle and bone attachments

What are the Types of Bones

Compact Bone and Spongy Bone

What is the Compact Bone? that is.. Where’s it found?

• A thick layer beneath the periosteum

• Very dense, strong

• Found in the outer layer and ends of the bone

Where and What is the Spongy Bone?

Beneath the layer of compact bone

Is not soft but spongy. Very strong

Contains bone marrow

What does the spongy bone add ?

adds strength without adding mass

Red bone marrow (Where’s it found?)

• in the spongy bone, the ends of long bones, ribs, vertebrae, the sternum, pelvis

Yellow Bone Marrow Where’s it found?

In most bones but mostly the shafts of long

What does red bone marrow produce?

RBC’s (erythrocytes) and WBC’s (lymphocytes), and platelets

What consists of Yellow bone marrow?

fat cells

What is Yellow Bone marrow?

an energy reserve

can convert to red bone marrow and produce blood cells during severe blood loss

Classification of Bones

Long
bones in the legs
Short
bones in the hands
Flat
bones in the skull
irregular
vertebrae bones

How many bones are in the skeleton?

206

What are the 2 parts to the skeleton

Axial - skull, vertebrae, ribs & sternum
Appendicular - arm & leg bones, pectoral, pelvic girdles

What is the main function of the cranium?

Holds and protects the brain

name the two types of bone found in the skull

facial and jaw bones

what is the spinal column composed of

vertebrae

How vertebrae are there in the body?

33 bones

What is the primary function of the vertebrae

works as a shock absorber

What allows for flexibility of the spine?

Discs of cartilage

What is the thoracic cavity and what does it protect?

It is the space in the chest
protects and supports heart, lungs

What bones form the thoracic cavity?

Ribs and sternum

What is the function of the pectoral girdle?

connects arms to spine

Name two bones that make up the pectoral girdle

Scapula (shoulder blades) and clavicle (collar bones)

What is the function of the pelvic girdle?

connects legs to spine

Name the bone that forms the pelvis.

hip bones

What is the largest bone in the human body?

Femur

What is the kneecap called?

patella

Name the two bones that form the lower leg.

Fibula, tibia

How are joints classified?

by the movement they allow

What type of joint is immoveable?

suture

Give an example of a suture joint.

bones in skull and pelvis

What type of joint is slightly movable?

cartilaginous

Give an example of a cartilaginous joint.

vertebrae

What type of joint is freely movable?

synovial

What is a synovial joint enclosed within?

fibrous capsule

What fluid lubricates synovial joints?

synovial fluid

Name four types of synovial joints.

Ball and socket

Hinge

Pivot

Saddle