WWII

Joseph Stalin

“The Man of Steel” - Communist Totalitarian leader of the Soviet Union

Benito Mussolini

“Il Duce” - Fascist Totalitarian leader of Italy

Blackshirts

Paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party

Adolf Hitler

“Deh Fuhrer” - Fascist Totalitarian leader of Germany

The St Louis

1939 boat - 900+ Jewish refugees were turned away from Canada

The Great Depression

Economic crisis put countries in chaos - Hitler and Mussolini used this to their advantage

The Treaty of Versailles

War Guilt Clause and reparation payments made Germany bitter and want to seek revenge

Hitler & Mussolini’s promise

to lead people out of difficult times

Japan invaded….

Manchuria in 1931

Italy invaded…

Ethiopia in 1935

Germany reoccupied…

Rhineland in 1936

Germany annexed…

Austria in 1938

Germany seized…

Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia

reasons why the League of Nations failed

Lacked key members, no army, lost confidence in collective security, Hitler takes Germany out of the League in 1933

The Appeasement Crisis

Britain and France practiced appeasement with Hitler until 1939

Appeasement

other countries give the aggressor what is wants just to prevent another war

Re-militarization of the Rhineland

Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to remove all military from Rhineland (but Hitler takes Germany out Treaty), and Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland

Annexation of Austria

Germany troops moved into Austria and made it part of Germany

Annexation

to make something a part of a greater whole

seized in Czechoslovakia

Hitler wanted to “reunify” the Germans in Czechoslovakia with Germany and threatened invation on Oct 1st 1938

Munich Conference

Appeasers gave Hitler the Sudetenland in exchange for: not invading the rest of Czechoslovakia

The date Hitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia

March 15th, 1939

NAZI-Soviet Pact

Germany & Soviet Union agreement to not attack each other, or aid an enemy country

why Hitler and Stalin signed the pact

Hitler wanted to avoid a 2-front war when he invaded Poland, Staling needed to rebuild his army after the Purges

WWII begins because of…

Germany’s invasion of Poland

BLITZKRIEG

“lightning warfare” - very fast and effective

Declaration of War (France & Britain)

France & Britain immediately declared war on Germany

Declaration of War (Canada)

Canada declared war 10 days later, through vote

Prime Minister King’s promise

conscription would never be required

Axis Powers

Nazi-Germany, Italy, Japan

Allied Powers

Britain, Canada, China, France, Soviet Union, USA

Hitler tried to take Britain with…

Operation Sea Lion

Hitler tried to take the Soviet union with…

Operation Barbarossa

Dieppe

Canada’s first European battle in WWII

Goals for Dieppe

take back the beach and Dieppe from the Germans, pull German forces away from the russian front

was Dieppe a success or fail?

fail - german forces were planted on the cliffs and more canadians died than any other day in the war

Battle of the Atlantic

Canada used merchant ships to carry supplied to England, Germany used U-boats to sink these ships, battle went on over the duration of the war

Italian Campaign

Allies planned invasion of Normandy and decided to distract the Axis powers by invading Italy

D-Day (Operation Overlord)

June 6th, 1944

How did Canadians feel about WWII?

half of Canadians were of British ancestry so support was nearly unanimous, Quebec and pacifists opposed

Canadian Economy

everything is for the war effort, industry is focused on supplying the front

Rationing

government put restrictions on products

The British Commonwealth Air Training Program

Air crews came to Canada from Commonwealth for training

Conscription Crisis

at first King promised no conscription, but there was a need for more troops

National Resource Mobilization Act

all men must help with the war effort, but not to serve overseas

Canadian Women at War

factory workers, farmers, armed forces, radio operators, nurses, ambulance drivers

Wartime Propaganda

to encourage anti-Japanese and anti-German sentiments

Japanese Canadians Internment

feared a Japanese invasion, stripped of their rights, fingerprinted, photographed, and ID

Internment options

deportation to Japan or relocation away from the west coast

Custodian of Aliens Act

possessions of Japanese Canadians could be sold without permission

Redress for Japanese Canadians

PM Mulroney gave $21,000 to each living internee

War in the Pacific

USA cut off trade with Japan

Pearl Harbour, Hawaii

Naval fleet at their navy base

Japan’s goal for Pearl Harbour

to give them control of the Pacific Ocean, and a base off the coast of the USA in preparation for future attacks

December 7th, 1941

the attack of Pearl Harbour

How did Japan build its empire

invading Manchuria (Korea & Japan)

December 8th 1941

the date that USA declared war

After Pearl Harbour, Japan invaded…

Hong Kong

Canadian POW in Japan conditions

exhaustion, malnutrition, pneumonia, stolen medicine

The Manhattan Project

$2B top secret project to create an atomic bomb

“Fat Man”

second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki on August 9th 1945

“Little Boy”

first atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima on August 6th 1945

Victory Japan Day

August 15th, 1945

Victory Europe Day

May 8th, 1945

Holocaust

sacrifice burned by fire

Genocide

the systematic extermination of a nationality or group

The Night of the Long Knives

Hitler used his military force the SS and the Gestapo to kill anyone he viewed as a threat

The Nuremberg Laws

all Jews are stripped of German citizenship, fired from jobs, banned from German schools, marriages between Jews and Germans forbidden, forced to carry ID, passports stamped with a J, forced to wear the arm band of Star of David, forced to pay special income tax

Why were they called Ghettos?

called this to isolate them from the rest of society

Ghettos

areas that were filthy, poor sanitation, and extreme overcrowding. Became transition areas, used as collection points for deportation to concentration and death camps.

Who was sent?

Jews, Communists, Socialists, homosexuals, political opponents, disabled, Roma, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Africans, Soviet POW, Slavic people

Concentration camps were built on…

railroad lines for efficient transportation

Prisoners transported from Ghettos through

cattle freight train cars

Auschwitz-Birkenau

work makes you free

Life in the Camps

possessions were confiscated, shaved heads, tattooed arms, separation of gender, unsanitary, lice infested, no medical

The Final Solution

Wannsee Conference called for the complete annihilation of Jews

The gas used for mass extermination

Zyklon B

Gas Chambers

disguised as showers, chambers to gas people and kill within 5 - 20 minutes

“Kanada”

nickname for the storerooms with property of prisoners associated with the riches of Canada

How did the genocide end?

as Allied troops came, the Nazis destroyed their crematoriums