HESI A2 (Anatomy & Physiology) V1/V2

HECTORBOI version

What is a characteristic of viral herpes?

Skin eruption

Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?

Hyoid bone

Which of the following statements best describes endocrine glands?

They secrete chemicals into the blood affecting growth, metabolism, and sexual development

Diet is important because bone are storage places for?

Calcium & Phosphorus

Ligaments provide which connection?

Bone to bone

Which structure conducts urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?

Ureter

Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by which molecule?

Lactic acid

As a part of the negative feedback system, which type of cell is stimulated to reabsorb bone matrix in response to a decrease in calcium in the blood?

Osteoclasts (break down bone so it can release Ca+ into interstitial fluid)

Sweat on the skin's surface cools the body through which process?

Evaporation

Which hand position describes an anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward?

Palms facing anterior

Which structure is a ball & socket joint?

Shoulder

What are liked cells grouped together called?

Tissue

The pulse point located behind the knee is palpated over which artery?

Popliteal

Ceruminous (apocrine) glands secrete?

Earwax

What type of synovial joint is the elbow?

Hinge

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated / increased?

Cardiac output

Where does digestion begin in the digestive system?

Oral cavity

Which cell structure regulates the transport of substances in & out of a cell?

Plasma membrane

The mediastinum is located within which cavity?

Thoracic cavity

What is the effect of Serotonin, a neurotransmitter?

Involvement with mood, anxiety, sleep, happiness, appetite

What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in nephrons when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted?

H2O is reabsorbed from urinary filtrate

What is the function of thrombocytes (platelets)?

Blood clotting

Which muscle of the quad femoris group lies on the outer side surface of lower extremity?

Vastus lateralis

Which structure is located on the sternum?

Xiphoid process

The occipital region is located in which part of the body?

Head/Skull

Which structure carries oxygen to the cells?

Hemoglobin

Which gland is commonly known as the "Master Gland?"

Pituitary gland

A sprain occurs when there is a tear in which structures?

Ligaments

What epidermal derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis?

Eccrine gland (Merocrine / Sweat gland)

Which statement are true about bone?

Osteoblasts (build up of bone), Epiphysial (end of bone), Diaphysis (shaft of bone)

Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body?

Eye (in front of eye, between the lens & cornea)

The malleus, incus & stapes are located in which part of the body?

Ear

Dorsiflexion & Plantarflexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body?

Foot

Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs?

Pulmonary vein (Remember pulmonary is heart, veins take deoxygenated blood back to the heart, Arteries carry oxygen & nutrients away from the heart)

Which part of the brain is involved in auditory functioning?

Temporal lobe

What internal structure of the ear is concerned with hearing?

Cochlea

Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure?

Fallopian tubes (also called uterine tubes)

Where is the tibialis anterior muscle located?

Lower leg

An over production of cerumen (earwax) can accumulate in which area?

External ear and canals

The mitral valve is located between which two structures?

Between left ventricle and left atrium

The olfactory nerve is associated in which sense?

Smell

Vessel carries blood from the body to the heart?

Vena cava

Hormones produced by the ovaries?

Estrogen and progesterone

Plane divides the body into left and right sides?

Sagittal

Two divisions that make up the nervous system?

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS)

The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the distal region of the humerus. What are is he describing?

Epiphysis

Part of the brain that attaches to the spinal cord?

Medulla oblongata

Which term is used to describe movement of arms and legs away from the midline of the body?

Abduction (AB = Away from)

Structure that provides a pulse reading in the neck?

Carotid artery

Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

Oxytocin and ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) (ADH is also known as Vasopressin)

What is the primary function of hemoglobin?

Carry oxygen

What stimulates chemoreceptors to function?

Rise in CO2 or fall in O2.

Which condition causes a client to say, "I can't see far away?"

Nearsightedness (I can only see what’s near)

What is the function of golgi apparatus?

-packaging proteins for secretion and transports lipids around the cell

-synthesize carbs & glycoproteins

What organ produces insulin?

Pancreas

Fertilization occurs in the?

Oviduct

When drawing blood from antecubital region, which blood vessel is used to obtain blood?

Median cubital

What hormone induces growth of public and axillary hair at puberty?

Testosterone and estrogen

Increase rate of breathing results in what blood pH change?

Alkalosis

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Regulates balance and thermoregulation

How many calories per gram do carbs contain?

4

When water molecules move across the cell membrane from high to low concentration, this process is called?

Osmosis

What is the result of carbon dioxide in the body?

Body becomes more acidic

What part of the body is the lower back?

Lumbar

High levels of which ion would most likely result in a cardiac arrest?

Potassium

What blood vessels perfuses (goes through) the kidney?

Renal vein

What gland is located on the anterior surface of the trachea?

Thyroid gland

In white blood cells, what contributes to phagocytosis?

Macrophages and neutrophils

What structure of the eye picks out color?

Cones

What is the most protective layer of the skin?

Epidermis

The organ of corti is located in the?

Ear

Where in the body are nutrients absorbed?

Small intestine

The Rough ER functions in the human cells to?

Synthesizes proteins

Tissue repair is enhanced by a diet high in?

Protein

What is the definition of chyme?

Semi-fluid mass of partially digested food expelled by the stomach in the duodenum

What are hormones?

Chemical messengers

What female reproductive organ produces oocytes, estrogen, & progesterone?

Ovaries

What cellular process helps to move debris and mucous through the lining of tubules?

Cilia

Which is a hollow organ?

Gallbladder

Which muscle(s) is included in the quad femoris group?

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

Which structure is responsible for normal respiratory function?

Medulla oblongata.

Client has large pituitary tumor what part of the body does this effect?

Low blood pressure, sickness, head hurting, vision problems

Which structures produce B-lymphocytes?

Red bone marrow

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system's stimulation is increased?

Blood pressure rises & goose bumps

The buttocks are which surface of the body?

Dorsal

The esophagus is located in which body cavity?

Thoracic

The tympanic membrane is located between which structures?

External auditory canal and middle ear

How many days is the average menstrual cycle?

28 days

Which structure produces T-lymphocytes?

Thymus

Calcaneus is located in?

Foot

Urinary system in the human body's primary task is to?

Expel waste

Which of the following produce progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy?

Corpus luteum

What are fingerprints made of?

Friction ridges

ABCD of cancer stands for:

Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter.

Which of the following locations would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organ be found?

Pelvic region

Which one is up angle at the joint?

Extensor

Which hormone is released by posterior lobe?

Oxytocin and ADH (ADH is known as Vasopressin)

Order of organization of living things?

Organelle, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystem, Biosphere

What are all living things made of?

Cells

What bones are formed first during intramembranous ossification?

Flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles